Executive Summary of AcuScan :: essays research papers

Executive SummaryThis is a summary on the current situation at AcuScan concerning the development of the iScanner for use in the sell industry. It will reiterate the situation, discuss key points and recommend actions that can be taken to address the issues described.The main problem is that we have failed to improve or maintain market character through the development of new products. Because our overall 40% market share is declining, the company faces declining revenues based on the sales of the iScanner. Despite making tremendous cost-cutting efforts, AcuScan is remedy in a short-term budget crisis. To regain our position as a market leader, AcuScan must develop the software for using the iScanner in retail industry by the years end. Secur-A Corp is reported to be in the process of developing similar software, so we must act quickly.Creating a new product, while at the same time making budget cuts, has created an internal crisis among the staff. The Chief Engineer of Product S oftware is especially adamant somewhat not being able to get the job done in a way that insures quality by the deadline. I have proposed to Kelly that after sounding for ways his staff can work more efficiently, we hire contract workers to do the work that his staff is unable to complete in a by the bye manner. I also proposed that he and his staff decide which tasks need to be completed by the contract workers. I plan to keep in cultivation touch with Kelly to keep him advised about the work, and I will report to you any further problems.I am rather confident that we will be able to meet our deadline as long as we are responsive of the concerns of department heads and staff and help them with problems as they arise.

Television and Media - The Power of Advertising :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Power of denote   Advertising has an influence on everyone in one way or another, but it especially has had an influence on my children. Catchy jingles, cute slogans, and cartoon characters are all key factors that have hooked my children on certain products. Advertising influences the toys they want, the clothes they wear, and the food they eat.   Advertising influences my childrens choice of toys. If a television commercial displays children laughing and playing, my children think it must be a great toy, regardless of the type. For example, my three-year-old urgently wants a skateboard for Christmas. Every time he sees a skateboard commercial, he gets excited. He believes that if he had a skateboard, he would instantly have the aforesaid(prenominal) fun and skill as the boys on television. He also wants a fingernail kit. He does not know what a fingernail kit is, but he likes the glow and stickers the commercial shows. The more appealing the commercial i s, the more he wants the toy.   Another influence advertising has had is on the clothes my children want to wear. Clothes from Wal-Mart and K-Mart are no longer satisfactory. Brand names such as GAP, Tommy Hilfiger, and American Eagle are much more appealing to them. My teenage daughter is constantly look through catalogs and magazines, examining each outfit down to the last detail. She is continuously wanting to change her wardrobe to keep up with the latest fashion trends and most general brand names. Of course, clothes endorsed by celebrities are always at the top of her shopping list.   Last, advertising influences the food my children want to eat. Cartoon characters are placed on boxes of foods such as crackers and cereal to influence young children. For instance, I was grocery shopping with my young son the other day, and he asked me if I would taint him some yogurt to have for breakfast. I reached for the cheapest brand off the shelf and was about to pu t it in the cart when he said, I want the Rugrats yogurt. I had no idea what he was talking about until he pointed to the shelf behind me. There I saw a six-pack container of yogurt with pictures of Rugrats characters on the label.

Digestive System Essay -- essays research papers

PurposeThe digestive system prepargons food for use by hundreds of millions of body cells. Food when eaten cannot reach cells (because it cannot gallop through the intestinal walls to the bloodstream and, if it could would not be in a useful chemical state. The gut modifies food physically and chemically and disposes of unusable waste. physical and chemical modification (digestion) depends on exocrine and endocrine secretions and controlled movement of food through the digestive tract.MouthMouth Food enters the digestive system via the sass or oral cavity, mucous membrane lined. The lips (labia) protect its outer opening, cheeks form lateral walls, hard palate and soft palate form anterior/ butt joint roof. Communication with nasal cavity behind soft palate. Floor is muscular tongue. Tongue has bony attachments (styloid process, hyoid bone) attached to floor of mouth by frenulum. fucking exit from mouth guarded by a ring of palatine/lingual tonsils. Enlargement sore throat, tons illitis. Food is branch processed (bitten off) by teeth, especially the anterior incisors. Suitably sized portions then retained in closed mouth and chewed or masticated (especially by cheek teeth, premolars, molars) aided by saliva Ducted salivary glands open at various points into mouth. This process involves teeth (muscles of mastication move jaws) and tongue (extrinsic and intrinsic muscles). Mechanical breakdown, plus some chemical (ptyalin, enzyme in saliva). relishing buds allow appreciation, also sample potential hazards (chemicals, toxins)SwallowingIn leaving the mouth a bolus of food must cross the respiratory tract (trachea is anterior to oesophagus) by a complicated mechanism known as swallowing or deglutination which empties the mouth and ensures that food does not enter the windpipe. Swallowing involves co-ordinated activity of tongue, soft palate pharynx and oesophagus. The first (buccal) phase is voluntary, food being forced into the pharynx by the tongue. After th is the process is reflex. The tongue blocks the mouth, soft palate closes off the nose and the larynx rises so that the epiglottis closes off the trachea. Food thus moves into the pharynx and onwards by peristalsis aided by gravity. If we try to talk whilst swallowing food may enter the respiratory passages and a cough reflex expels the bolus.OesophagusThe oesophagus (about 10") is the first part of the... ...a mixture of mucus and serous fluids, each produced to various extent in various glands. Also contains salivary amylase, (starts to break down starch) (antibacterial) and antibodies. In some mammals (and snakes) saliva may be poisonous, quieting down living prey.PancreasEndocrine and exocrine gland. exocrine gland part produces many enzymes which enter the duodenum via the pancreatic duct. Endocrine part produces insulin, blood sugar regulator.Liver and gallbladderBile, a watery greenish fluid is produced by the liver and secreted via the hepatic duct and cystic duct to t he gall bladder for storage, and thence on demand via the common bile duct to an opening climb the pancreatic duct in the duodenum. It contains bile salts, bile pigments (mainly bilerubin, essentially the non-iron part of hemoglobin) cholesterol and phospholipids. Bile salts and phosholipds emulsify fats, the rest are just being excreted. Gallstones are usually cholesterol based, may block the hepatic or common bile ducts causing pain, jaundice.LiverMulti functional important in this context since the capillaries of the petite intestine drain fat and other nutrient rich lymph into it via the hepatic portal system.

Evolution vs. Creation Essay -- essays research papers

Dont Monkey Around in ClassIn the beginning, God created the celestial sphere and the earth (Gen. 11). Words of this nature have been questioned for thousands of yearsby naturalists, materialists, humanists, etc.and, in more recent times, have led to court cases, heated arguments, and public debates. The major debate intended to be covered in this piece is that of whether or not evolution should be taught in classrooms. Also, if it is to be taught, should it be taught as fact or surmisal? It is also intended to present enough evidence to disprove evolution altogether and, as a result, compel it much less than a theory, but actually the vain opinions of a man who chose not to accept the truth. The entire point of this essay is to breakdown the theory of evolution, invalidate its scientific reliability, and support the necessity of showing its errors and inaccuracies in classroom textbooks side-by-side with creationism. To date, evolution is being taught in public schools as the o nly theory of origins. Creationism must be included as the only alternative and evolution discredited because of its invalidity. On the other hand, Steve Edinger, a biologist at Ohio University, warned members of the House Education perpetration about presenting alternative evidence against evolution, saying it was not scientific and disservices the students. He continues, One would wonder what would happen if a teacher spent half a period explai...

Gene Therapy for Cancer Essay -- Research Papers

Cancer occurrs by the production of multiple mutations in a ace cell that causes it to proliferate out of control. Cancer cells often different from their normal neighbors by a host of specific phenotypic changes, such as rapid division rate, invasion of new cellular territories, high metabolic rate, and altered shape. Some of those mutations may be transmitted from the parents through the germ line. Others arise de novo in the somatic cell lineage of a particular cell. Cancer-promoting mutations can be identified in a variety of ways. They can be cloned and studied to cop how they can be controlled.Several methods such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have been used to treat cancers. The cancer patients who are not helped by these therapies may be enured by constituent therapy. component therapy is the insertion of a functional agent into the cells of a patient to correct an inborn error of metabolism, to alter or patch an acquired genetic abnormality, and to provide a new function to a cell.Two basic types of gene therapy have been applied to humans, germinal and somatic (1). Germinal gene therapy, which introduces transgenic cells into the germ line as well as into the somatic cell population, not only achieve a cure for the individual treated, but rough gametes could also carry the corrected genotype. Somatic gene therapy focuses only on the body, or soma, attempting to effect a reversal of the disease phenotype by treating some somatic tissues in the affected individual.One of the most promising approaches to emerge from the improved understanding of cancer at the molecular level is the possibility of using gene therapy to selectively target and destroy tumor cells, for example, the loss of tumor suppressor genes ... ...rine Interleukin-4 Displays Potent Anti-tumor Activity In Vivo. Cell 57. P. 503-512. 8. Trojan, J. Et al. Treatment and Prevention of Rat spongioblastoma by Immunogenic C6 Cells Expressing Antisense Insulin-like Growth Fa ctor I RNA. Science 259. p. 94-97. 9. Hwu, P. Et al. 1993. Functional and Molecular Characterization of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes Transduced with Tumor Necrosis Factor-r cDNA for the Gene Therapy of Cancer in Humans. J. Immunol. 150. p. 4104-4115. 10. Sorrentino, B.P. et al. 1992. cream of Drug-Resistant Bone Marrow Cells in Vivo After Retroviral Transfer of Human MDR1. Science 257. P. 99-103. 11. Oldfield, E.H., Culver, K.W., Ram, Z., and Blaese, R.M. 1993. Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Brain Tumors using Intra-Tumoral Transduction with the Thymidine Kinase Gene and Intravenous ganciclovir. Hum. Gene Ther. 4. P. 39-69.

Government and Politics - No Peace for the Middle East Essay -- Argume

No Peace for the Middle East Since its inception the State of Israel has been at war with the Arab countries surrounding it. Dating cover version to biblical times when the Israelites left Egypt after two hundred historic period of bondage there, they began forty years of wandering the desert in which they encountered many foe tribes such as their sworn enemies, the Amalekites. Thousands of years later, the Arabs and Israelis are still fighting. The State of Israel began with the War for Israeli Independence in 1948. Israel has kept on fighting forever since. Over the lengthy span of time in which Israel has been at war with the Arabs, the people of Israel and the Palestinians expect developed a deeply rooted hatred for wiz another. Terrorism has been another factor which has contributed to this loathing. On top of all this, is the cultural and religious clash which the two populations experience. However, in the past twenty years, Israel and the Arab countries surrounding it have begun taking the first few strides toward peace. The meeting of Menachim Begin and Anwar el-Sadat created the peace treaty between Israel and Egypt in 1979. This marked the beginning of the never ending struggle for peace. de violate the overwhelming political endeavor for peace, the people of Israel will never fully achieve a peaceful coexistence with their Arab neighbors, due to the dark history between the nations and the years of hatred which have transpired. In recent years, the Middle East has made serious advances toward peace. Menachim Begin and Anwar el- Sadat formulated and signed the historic peace treaty between Israel and Egypt in 1979. It took immense preparation and the active participation of many of both countries?highest ranking officials and leaders to ... ...t with it many positive changes in the Middle East. In spite of what appear to be insurmountable obstacles, one can only hope for continued progress in the direction of peace and the best possible suc ceeding(a) for the Middle East. Works Cited 1. Weizman, Ezer. The Battle for Peace. in the raw York Bantam Books, 1981. 2. Gervasi, Frank. Thunder Over the Mediterranean. New York David McKay Co., Inc.,1975. 3. Lustick, Ian. Arabs in the Jewish State. Austin University of Texas Press, 1980. 4. Middle East.?Microsoft Encarta. 1995 ed. 5. Friedman, Thomas L. From Beirut to Jerusalem. New York Farrar Straus Giroux, 1989. 6. Chafetz, Zeev. Double Vision. New York William Morrow and Company Inc.,1985. 7. Kol Israel News Broadcast.?http//www.artificia.com/ (January 17,1997) 8. Daily News from Israel?http//www.iclick.com/news (January 21,1997)

Psychology and Personality Essay

The conceive of reputation has a broad and varied history in psychology with an abundance of theoretical traditions. The study theories include dispositional trait perspective, psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behaviorist, and social learning perspective. However, more researchers and psychologists do not explicitly identify themselves with a certain perspective and instead take an eclecticist approach. Research in this area is empirically driven, such(prenominal) as dimensional models, found on multivariate statistics, such as factor analysis, or emphasizes supposition development, such as that of the psychodynamic theory. at that place is also a unattackable emphasis on the applied field of temperament testing. In psychological education and training, the study of the nature of individualality and its psychological development is commonly reviewed as a prerequisite to courses in abnormal psychology or clinical psychology.Personality base Personality is connected with Darwins Theory of Evolution. It generally explains why there are personality differences between individuals. Schacter, Daniel Gilbert, Daniel Wegner, Daniel (2011). Personality also refers to the pattern of thoughts, feelings, social adjustments, and behaviors consistently exhibited all over time that strongly influences ones expectations, self-perceptions, values, and attitudes. It also predicts human reactions to other people, problems, and stress. Winnie, J.F. & Gittinger, J.W. (1973) Krauskopf, C.J. & Saunders, D.R, (1994) There is still no universal consensus on the definition of personality in psychology. Gordon Allport described two major ways to study personality the nomothetic and the idiographic. Nomothetic psychology seeks general laws that can be applied to many another(prenominal) different people, such as the principle of self-actualization or the trait of extraversion. Idiographic psychology is an attempt to understand the unique aspects of a particular indiv idual.The study of personality has a broad and varied history in psychology with an abundance of theoretical traditions. The major theories include dispositional trait perspective, psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behaviorist, and social learning perspective. However, many researchers and psychologists do not explicitly identify themselves with a certain perspective and instead take an eclectic approach. Research in this area is empirically driven, such as dimensional models, based on multivariate statistics, such as factor analysis, or emphasizes theory development, such as that of the psychodynamic theory. There is also a substantial emphasis on the applied field of personality testing. In psychological education and training, the study of the nature of personality and its psychological development is usually reviewed as a prerequisite to courses in abnormal psychology or clinical psychology.Perspectives of Personality Many of the stems developed by historical and modern pe rsonality theorists straw from the basic philosophical assumptions they hold. The study of personality is not a purely empirical discipline, as it brings in elements of art, science, and philosophy to draw general conclusions. Freedom versus determinismThis idea seeks to answer whether humans involve control over their own behavior and understand the motives behind it or our behavior is causally determined by forces beyond our control. Behavior is categorized as being unconscious, environmental, or biological by various theories. Engler, Barbara (2008). Heredity versus environmentPersonality is thought to be determined for the most part by genetics and biology, by environment and experiences, or by some combination resulting thereof. Contemporary research suggests that most personality traits are based on the joint influence of genetics and environment. One of the forerunners in this arena is C. Robert Cloninger, who pioneered the Temperament and Character model. Engler, Barbara (2008). Uniqueness versus universalityThis is the argument discussing the extent of each humans individuality Uniqueness or similarity in nature Universality. Gordon Allport, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers were all advocates of the uniqueness of individuals. Behaviorists and cognitive theorists, in contrast, emphasize the importance of universal principles, such as reinforcement and self-efficacy. Engler, Barbara (2008).Optimistic versus pessimistic Personality theories differ with regard to whether humans are integral in the changing of their own personalities. Theories that place a peachy deal of emphasis on learning are often more optimistic than those that do not. Engler, Barbara (2008).Three Theories of Personality Development The study of personality is based on the essential insight that all people are similar in some ways, yet different in others. Phares, E.J. Chaplin, W.F. (1997). There have been many different definitions of personality proposed. However, many contempora ry psychologists agree on the following definition Personality is that pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguishes one person from another and that persists over time and situations. Phares, E.J. Chaplin, W.F. (1997). Trait theoriesAccording to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, personality traits are enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts. Theorists generally assume that a) traits are relatively stable over time, b) traits differ among individuals, and c) traits influence behavior. They consistently are used in order to help define people as a whole. Traits are relatively constant they do not usually change. Traits are also bipolar they vary along a continuum between one extreme and the other (e.g. friendly vs. unfriendly). Feist, Jess Feist, Gregory J. (2009).Behaviorist theories Beha viorists explain personality in terms of the effects external stimuli have on behavior. The approaches used to analyze the behavioral aspect of personality are known as behavioral theories or learning-conditioning theories. These approaches were a radical shift away from Freudian philosophy. One of the major tenets of this concentration of personality psychology is a strong emphasis on scientific thinking and experimentation. Humanistic theoriesHumanistic psychology emphasizes that people have free will and that this plays an active role in determining how they behave. Humanistic therapy typically relies on the client for information of the past and its effect on the present, therefore the client dictates the type of guidance the therapist may initiate. This allows for an individualized approach to therapy.Personality Tests There are two major types of personality tests, projective and objective. Projective tests assume personality is primarily unconscious and assess an individual b y how he or she responds to an ambiguous stimulus, such as an ink blot. Projective tests have been in use for about 60 years and continue to be used today. Objective tests assume personality is consciously accessible and measure it by self-report questionnaires. Research on psychological assessment has generally found objective tests are more valid and reliable than projective tests. Critics have pointed to the Forer effect to suggest some of these appear to be more accurate and discriminating than they really are.Issues within Testing Issues with these tests include, false reporting because there is no way to tell if an individual is answering a question honestly or accurately.Conclusion There are many theories on how a person develops a certain type of personality. A persons personality is what defines them in all aspects of their life. People believe that you are molded into what you are today, only when theories have proven that some people lead by example and some learn by exa mple. If anyone is curious as to what type of personality they have, there are my types of assessments available to take that can tell you.

How important are staff/management relations? Essay

A fair alliance between cater and management is one in which distributively party respects and trusts one another, communicates with and understands one another and understands clearly what is expected of each other. Each party must make a fair constituent towards satisfying the interests of the other party. Demands placed on each other must be reasonable. Compromise and co-operation both play important roles in safeguarding the interests of the business fleck also satisfying the conflicting interests of its work force.It is imperative to build and maintain healthy staff/management relations for the following reasons. Good relations dish to prevent disputes and if conflict does arise it lowlife be better resolved between staff and management who have already developed a good working relationship which helps to ensure as little disruption to normal operations as possible. Good staff/management relations lead to amply morale amongst a workforce. A happy workforce is a more pro ductive one. The employer will also find it easier to retain its employees. Poor relations can lead to an unhappy workforce and dissatisfied management which is likely to result in reduced productivity and the overall failure of the business.The interests of a company and the interests of its workforce are often in conflict with each other. A number of practices must be in place in regularize to concurrently satisfy the needs of both the business and of its people.When an employee offset joins a company, they must be given a contract which clearly states what is expected of them in their role and what remuneration he/she will receive. The contract, terms and conditions must make it clear what the employee can expect from its employment. The employee must also be do aware of all relevant company polices and procedures particularly regarding conduct, sickness, disciplinary procedures and grievances possibly via a company handbook, intranet website or induction. Without having been given the needful information in the first place, it is unreasonable for any employer to expect compliance with rules.There must be a clear organizational structure in place so that staff shares know who they report to and this helps to instill a respect for authoritative positions. However in order to earn respect from its staff, management must tolerate regular training to ensure they possess the necessary skills to manage the workforce well.Sufficient training must be given to staff members to equip them with the knowledge and skills required to carry out their role. Performance appraisals should take place to assess performance, identify problem areas and to reward excellence. This is beneficial to both the company and the staff member as poor performance can be corrected and well performing staff members benefit from recognition.Reviews of conditions and pay should take place in order to keep up with change and competition. Competitors may not only steal customers but coul d steal a workforce if they can offer them more. Retaining a workforce will keep recruitment and training costs to a minimum.Monetary rewards are not always enough to motivate staff. It may be necessary in some situations to motivate staff using other incentives such as awards, promotional prospects, shares and staff discounts.It is necessary that management and staff have impelling methods of communicating with each other such as email, newsletters or meetings. Staff must have means of expressing themselves and providing feedback upwards which can be done by surveys or even informal discussions. With effective communications, problems can be identified early and resolved quickly.Using the above mentioned practices a better working relationship can be established between management and staff ensuring the success of the company and the well being of its workforce.

Comparison between Lennie Smalls and Isaac Statchard Essay

These two texts, Of Mice and run low force and The Ostler, seem exceedingly various when you engender them through. Once you afford thought ab let on them though, they do consume numerous similarities. The two texts are set in very different times with many a(prenominal) social, historical and cultural differences.Of Mice and Men is about two friends who are looking for work during the Great stamp. The Ostler is about a stable buck who has a dream, which becomes materiality but ends in a tragic port.Both texts are set in different times and both the characters come from very different contexts. Lennie, for instance, has some form of disorder, which affects his speech and memory, and he had been looked after for all of his manners. Isaac has function a very conservative but unlucky life. at that place are many similarities despite their obvious and not so obvious differences.After the excitements of the 1830s and 40s, mid- strait-laced England was relatively quiet, wit h the family macrocosm regarded by most mid-Victorians as the central institution in society. This is extremely desirely to have something to do with Isaac wanting to settle down. The differences in the rights people had were quite shocking. For instance women didnt have the vote and men were judged whether they were allowed to vote on the size of their estate.The U.S. economy had gone into depression six months earlier the Great Depression may be said to have begun with a catastrophic cotton on of stock-market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929. The result was a large decrease in output and large increase in unemployment.There are similarities linking the backgrounds of the two texts. The employment situation is similar as in The Ostler it is laboured to get casual work and in America where Of Mice and Men is set work, is almost non-existent. Women are considered the lower sex and they both have pretty much the same position in, living at home and tend to ch ildren etc.We are introduced to Isaac in a dream, in which it tells his story we compute but veridically, it is foreseeing what is spill to happen to him. It is a bit confusing for the reader because we get no information about setting or what has happened, we are launched into it knowing nothing. It changes narrators in the third column, after a little hesitation, he compiles with my request. Some years ago. This is where the text leaves his dream and s acrimoniouss the whole story over again but in greater detail.We know that Isaac lacks intelligence by his m opposite verbal expression that he has a poor memory. I see Collins has chosen a protagonist such as Isaac because he is a very rule person. I think he wanted to create a character that people could almost relate to and look into their personality. Collins creates a seemingly real character by creating a life and a lifestyle that he follows. Every aspect of a persons life seems to be covered. He takes the reader into t he mind of Isaac and you could almost control him after you have read the text because it is so detailed.We are introduced to Lennie Smalls after he and George are on the conduct from their native Californian town, Weed after Lennie is involved in an incident with a women. We learn in section one that Lennie is travelling with a friend, George Milton who is ilk a Father to Lennie. We find out that he is a very large and slow man and he has a very pleasant spirit from what we read. Lennies description is significant. He is a huge man and dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws and also the way he speaks where we goin, George.The descriptions from other characters, a childs mind locked inside a mans body, also when George is talking to the head of the ranch he describes Lennie as not being very intelligent. Steinbeck comes across very truthful in the way he describes Lennie he uses voice communication, which make us build up images in our minds. Steinbeck has use d words such as gentle giant, huge and nice fella. The way he is described is a complete contrast to his personality. I think he uses these words to show that Lennie does have strengths but he also has quite a considerable number of weaknesses such as his speech. Lennie has been compared to several animals throughout the first section of the ledger.I think Lennies characteristics are either similar to these animals, or he is copying them.It is obvious that he has a inclination for animals, especially rabbits. Third person narrative has been used effectively, it gives the reader the story from different points of view which brings out different things in characters which you may not have got otherwise. Lennie and Isaac are surprisingly similar they are both people anyone I believe can relate to in some way or another. uncomplete of them are particularly bright especially Lennie who suffers from an unspecified illness. They both want different lifestyles. Lennie wants to tend the r abbits and Isaac wants to get married.They are in very different band at the depart and the whole way throughout the books, Isaac living with his mother and having her support and Lennie having no family. George is not really the same kind of support. Lennie looks upon George as a friend not a parent figure. Steinbecks way of developing characters is similar to Collins. He tries to make the characters seem as realistic as possible. He gives them each their own way of doing things. The way Steinbeck has done it makes you want to read on because you feel closer to the characters and you almost feel a part of them and you date there emotions and thoughts.Lennie has a disability, which affects his speech, and this I think is the reason for such short sentences from him. I do not think he has the intelligence to put in concert a large sentence. A few examples of his dialogue, I am not takin it away jus for meanness and I aint gonna say nothin. victimisation slang, colloquialisms are e ffective because it makes it a bit more realistic. It is using terminology, which the characters would have done. Some examples of this are I think Curleys married a tart said by Candy or an live of the fat of the land said by Lennie. It is all part of developing a character you have to get every characteristic right.Collins describes Mrs Scatchard with words that describe the mother. He uses positive descriptions with words like happy. She is a typical mother person who looks out for her son and tries to do the best for him. We know she is quick and witty unlike her son because when Isaac comes to her with his problem she takes down a description of the girl and puts it away. It is almost like she knows that Rebecca is going to turn up. We have learnt that she is very happy being a mother and loves her sons very much, she has fallen on hard times but quieten marches on she is determined to do her best for herself and her son. She is always there if he has a problem he has we have a problem in the story of Rebecca being part of her sons life.George in Chapter one is described as an exact opposite to Lennie. George has all the qualities that Lennie does not have. George has a hard time looking after Lennie. He finds all the food, work and shelter. He keeps Lennie in order taking things like dead mice away from him. George and Lennie are evenly as close as Isaac and Mrs Scatchard. They both depend on the more intelligent one of each pair they seem to be able to overwhelm a lot when they both work together.Collins makes us feel sympathetic with Rebecca, the first time you actually meet her he describes her as a poorly dressed woman. I think he is trying to mislead us he is making Rebecca look harmless when she is really a murderer. Our suspicions are aroused when Mrs Scatchard meets Rebecca and she wants to see the paper with the description on. Physiognomy has been used when Mrs Scatchard reacts to Rebecca. She treats Isaac with respect at first so that she c an get close to him and lead him up to marriage. When she got close to him her attitude changes completely, she becomes violent towards Isaac it is like she wants to marry him for money then kill him off. Isaacs mother stays the same the whole way throughout she continues to be supportive, she plays the mother figure.Rebecca is a very deceptive character she plays the nice she plays the innocent responsible adult to get really close to Isaac. When Mrs Scatchard meets Rebecca, she realises in the beginning Isaac that this person is really the person out to the dreams. Then Rebecca seems to use that as a turning point in her attitude towards Isaac. She becomes emotionally unstable and goes on the rampage with violence and hatred. We are introduced to Curleys wife when she wonders into the bunk house. They are both considered as no go zones. George gives her a negative picture where as Lennie when he is in the stable playing with the pup thinks she is a nice person.Lennie is just too d umb to take on peoples real personality but he seems to charm people with him manor and people are nice back to him. Our reactions to Rebecca and Curleys wife are very different. Rebecca we start to not like because we see her turn from good to evil or from loving Isaac to wanting to kill him. Curleys wife on the other pass around we do feel sorry for because she has no one to talk to nor anyone to socialise with, she is expected to just amuse herself and live in her own little word. Rebecca does deceive Isaac, she puts on a false character, which is the ideal person for Isaac to love and to hold, but then she changes her character completely, everything about her seems to change her behaviour, her attitude towards Isaac and they way she does everyday chores.Victorian writing was all about mystery or melodrama. This is certainly present in The Ostler. The mystery in this text revolves around the arrival of Rebecca. Melodrama I do not think is present that much in this text. Melodr ama is all out over exaggerating movements and there is not much of this. When you try doing some background research into The Ostler, it is almost impossible. If you do some research into Collins, it always refers to his more famous pieces of writing. He does create tension very well by having Rebecca on the loose and having Isaac on the run. Collins is like Steinbeck he gives you an amazing wealth of knowledge about each character. He gives them a very life like personality.Steinbeck set his book in the 30s, so it is obviously a lot more modern and up to date. He has set his book just outside Weed and as the author is American, he can relate to their way of life. He sets it just after he Great Depression and it was probably set on two real characters at the time. I think that the level of suspense is equally as high in Steinbecks novel because you do get signs on what is going to happen but you dont know when they are going to happen. This is because they have their dream and it c omes so close. It is very successful because it makes the reader want to read on. It gives small hints about what is going to happen If you get into any trouble come and hide by river and wait for me but it doesnt make it clear what is going to happen. This makes the book more interesting and it makes you want to read on.The aim in Of Mice and Men was I think to show readers the lives of two normal everyday people after the depression and the recovery. I think Steinbeck would have written this to tell people what going through the depression was like and how much of a struggle it really was. The Ostler is really a mystery and I do not think there is really an aim to this book. Collins may have written this to show the readers an example of life in the 19th Century and wrapped a story into it to make it interesting. I preferred Of Mice and Men only because I felt I could relate more to it. I have seen these ranches in work just outside Weed which also made the story more interesting whilst reading it. It seemed to be a more normal text with things which in spades could have taken place, where as in The Ostler we dont know where it is set or any other key details.The stories both personate two less than bright individuals who survive in life. I believe Lennie Smalls is les cleaver than Isaac Scatchard due to Lennie requiring George to live. In Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck and The Ostler by Collins Dreams play a crucial role. Lennie used dreams as a way of inspiration where as Isaac Scatchards life was dictated by a dream he had, had in a hotel.

Note Tasting Wine and Beer

note teasti1/ Morgans Bay Chardonnay _ Largely unoaked, this is intentionally crafted in an approachable style which translates into something light-headed and easy going in theory at least. In reality its just a bit cheap tasting. 2/ Morgans Bay Shiraz Cabernet, S. E. Australia _ Classic Australian style, fruit forward easy boozing exit 3/ Richmond grove bay of Stone, NV brut _ Freshness of fruit flavors and yeast complexness, are achieved by the inclusion of more than one vintage during assemblage (blending). Gentle pressing produced fresh clean juice with delicate fruit flavors.Harmonious aromas of fresh lemon citrus and red fruits. Intense lemon citrus flavors are balanced with rich creamy yeast characters that lead to a soft, clean end. 4/ Long Gully nation Brut Cuvee _Flavours from the classic varieties using a range of boozemaking and oak management techniques, creating distinctive cool climate wine styles, marked by their complexity and aging ability. A portion of rese rve base wine adds a touch of creamy complexity to what is essentially a zesty easy drinking Sparkling. 5/ Pettavel Evening Star Chardonnay 2008 (Geelong, VIC) Warm summer days and cool nights allow our Chardonnay grapes to retain vibrant and complex fruit flavours. by and by gentle pressing 35 percent of the juice was transferred to second fill French oak barrels for fermentation, the remaining juice was tank fermented to retain terse y offhful aromas and flavours. Upfront melon and peach flavours are enhanced with subtle oak characters and lingering tropical fruit with a citrus acid finish that ensures the wine will reward both immediate consumption or medium term cellaring. 6/ Heart of Stone Sauvignon Blanc 2009 (Marlborough, NZ) This is a punchy style of toil with deliciously intense tropical fruit, capsicum and citrus flavours. Its a weighty and juicy wine to taste mango, passion fruit, red bell capsicum and grapefruit with refreshing acidity and strong personality. 7/ Sec ond Nature Sauvignon Blanc 2010 (Adelaide Hills, randomness Australia) _ Very pale, almost water white. A very fragrant bouquet of passionfruit, lemon peel and gooseberry. The roof of the mouth follows through with more gooseberry, passionfruit and lemon peel before a lingering, zesty, mouth filling finish. Excellent crisp acidity make for drinking young and fresh alongside seafood, goats cheese and sushi. Like youre really there. Bouquets of meadow, lemons and lime, grasses, racy and vital, so crisp that it goes crunch, crunch all the way down. Finishing ironic and clean, chargrilled fishes are the perfect match -Wineweekly. com. au, Blond and beautiful, bang for your buck, a whoosh of south seas fruit and green pastures awaken the senses for shrimp, shucked oysters and crustacea -Vinicraft. com 8/ Riesling Tahbilk Riesling 2009 (Nagambie Lakes, Central Victoria) _ Tahbilks style is more traditional but quite exotic, with aromas of cinnamon and other sweet spices, citrus and w hite peach.Concentrated, smooth and dry, its not as peachy as many young Rieslings but very satisfying. 9/ Neagles Rock Riesling 2010 (Clare Valley, South Australia) _ Expressive, lime-tinged, tangy Riesling whose zesty style is protected by screw-cap closure. 10/ Koonara Cabernet Sauvignon 2004 (Coonawarra, South Australia) _ 18 months in French & American barrels have developed a rich, chocolaty Cabernet full of deep mulberries & blackberries finishing with a long blackcurrants & cream palate. 1/ Angoves Cabernet Sauvignon 2009 (Varies Vineyards, South Australia) _ This wine is deep red in colour, with some purple hues. Complex aromas of red berry integrate with more savoury and red bombard notes and a gentle touch of oak. The palate is rich and mouth filling with flavours following through from the initial impression of berries and more complex capsicum family characters. 12/ Sedona Estate Shiraz 2008 (Yea Valley, Victoria) _ This Shiraz was matured for 20 months in a combinati on of French and American oak. Opaque phantasm red colour with deep dark brick red hue.The nose displays aromas of plum, dark chocolate and liquorice allsorts which are followed by some confectionary end notes, showing excellent intensity. Medium to full bodied with generous flavours of dark chocolate, mocha and confectionary with some spice on the back palate. Fleshy texture with fine grained soft tannins. Aftertaste of dark chocolate, confectionary and spice. 13/Water Wheel Shiraz 2008 (Bendigo, Victoria) _ A artless red in the glass and with a delicious rhubarb and berry nose, the Shiraz exquisitely blends spice, plums and red berries with a regional touch of cinnamon.Fine tannins see the wine out without overstaying their welcome. A gorgeously well crafted wine from a vintage renowned for its big fruit flavours 14/ Oyster Bay Merlot 2009 (Hawkes Bay 2008, New Zealand) _ advanced plum and currant, embraced by blackberry and subtle spice with lingering fine grained tannins. The philosophy of Oyster Bay is to produce fine, distinctly regional wines that are neat and assertive with glorious fruit flavours. 15/ Gibbston Valley Gold River Pinot Noir 2008 (Central Otago, New Zealand) _ Svelte and sensous a wine of true pleasure.This is a joyful, young, vibrant Pinot that delivers strong varietal flavours. tackle translucent mauve purple colour with mauve purple hue. Lifted nose, freshly macerated strawberry, spice and cherry showing very good varietal lift. Youthful palate flavours of spice and ripe strawberry over ripe joosy dark cherries. Soft and velvet smooth. Youthful and a delight for the short term. 16/ Sedona Estate Cabernet/Merlot 2008 (Yea Valley, Victoria) _The wine has a dense deep red hue with cedar and bramble aromas making up the bouquet. The palate is filled with flavours of plums, blackcurrant and persistent fine tannins.

The Kidnapping of Charles Lindbergh JR

No matter how you choose to raise your children, one thing is the same for every parent- the conterminous sense of panic you feel when you cant meet your child.Whether a relative has scooped your newborn up for a cuddle, or your toddler is hiding in a near clothing rack, or your punctual teen is 30 minutes late for curfew, the wave of panic is the same. Fortunately, so is the instant relief when we see their face. So lots so, we al just about feel silly for even letting our minds go there. Unfortunately that isnt always the case. For aviator Charles Lindbergh and wife, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, on 01 March 1932 that panic would turn to terror and therefore heartbreak.THE FAMEAt 30 years old, Charles Lindbergh had make quite the life for himself. His solo flight across the atlantic (from refreshing York to Paris) He landed in Paris to a cheering crowd of over 150,000 spectators, and re turn home to millions who turned out for a ticker tape parade in America. His fame was world wide as he received commendations from chairpersons, Kings and Dictators. (The annals of crime) In the two-year period following Lindberghs flight, the U.S. Copyright Office recorded three hundred applications on Lindbergh songs.He married his love, Anne Morrow, and unneurotic had a son, Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr. He was a beautiful little boy with blue eyes and blonde curly locks. He may have been the apple of his parents eye notwithstanding had won the affection of the people as well-and the press knew it. They followed the puppylike family everywhere.Even the house staff cashed in on the fame by giving tours of their main residence in Hopewell, New Jersey, U.S which, in hindsight, may have given the kidnappers the advantage of knowing where the child slept.THE KIDNAPPINGOn 1 March 1932, Anne Lindbergh make a last second decision against taking a toddler with the sniffles into the cold and rainy night air to travel to her parents house. She had the nurse consume young Lindbe rgh upstairs to bed at 8pm.The nurse, Betty Gow, rubbed medicine on his chest, changed him into a one piece sleeping suit and put him d accept to sleep around 830 pm (kidnapped) Following Lindberghs orders, she closed the door allowing the child to self soothe for no less than 2 hours before checking on him.Though Anne was in a bath and Charles was in his study, both heard a noise around 930 unless dismissed it as being made by one of their staff. An hour later, upon checking on young Lindbergh, Nurse Gow informed them the child was gone. They have stolen our baby was Lindberghs immediate response. (kidnapped) A seal enveloped exchange parentage was on the open window sill.THE INVESTIGATIONAs police began arriving shortly before midnight they had little to go on. Although H. Norman Schwarzkopf (father of Persian Gulf War commander Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf) of the New Jersey State Police was nominally the lead investigator in the case, control of more of the details was ceded t o Lindbergh. (encyclopedia britannica) A command center was formed in Lindberghs 3 car garage.Despite the command center Police failed to secure the crime scene and kept no record of who was in the home at the time of the kidnapping nor of who came and went from the home afterwards. Poor lighting and bad weather limited their search outside. They started inside the home, mainly, the nursery. The ransom note demanded specific amounts of certain denominations and seemed to be writ ecstasy by someone who spoke english as a second language and was uneducated.The room was dusted for prints only to discover none would be found, anywhere -not even nurse Gows.(Annals of crime) It appeared to have been wiped clean, thoroughly and completely. It wasnt long before the press got wind of the story and began arriving. They each set up their own command centers and started doing their own investigating, walking around the house in search of clues and entering and exiting the home questioning staf f.The next morning, no witnesses saw anyone come or go on the main street in front of the home. Investigators did manage to find a broken homemade ladder several yards from the house. It is unclear whether it was ignorance or poor prep was to blame as to why so few crime scene photos were taken and those that were, were neither to scale nor taken before the evidence was moved. As for the ladder, which was considered the most damning piece of evidence, (mike ray) was photographed after being broken down into 3 pieces.Later a photo was taken of a different ladder of get hold of height up against the home to show a ladder of that length would reach the childs window. Fingerprint experts found 400 partial prints, but be sire they were all fragmentary, they had no value in identifying anyone. (annals of crime)Lack of evidence only fed speculation that some powerful criminal organization or foreign government had taken the young child (annals of crime) Even though President Hoover had vowed to move Heaven and Earth to find the child (annals of crime) and J. Edgar Hoover-no relation- decided to expand the FBI into a subject field police authority, Lindbergh chose not to cooperate with FBI agents. He first went to William Donovan (who would later head the OSS.)Then he sought out shady characters who claimed to have underworld connections. He then went to the underworlds elite that he could find=the ones in prison. Al Capone offered his assistance, upon his release, which was immediately denied. Without consulting investigators he then gave copies of the ransom note to all parties contacted in an attempt to find out who wrote it. The shady characters showed their shadiness by immediately selling their copies to the press.With the press competing in their print wars they ran with their lead, publishing the note. Suddenly, ransom notes claiming to be the kidnappers started to appear. Some raise the ransom and some include items like a thumb guard, which the baby (a long with 1000s of other babies) had on when abducted, so was assumed to be his (but could not be proven to be young Lindberghs.)The third ransom note was received by Colonel Lindberghs attorney on March 8, informing that an intermediary appointed by the Lindberghs would not be accepted and requesting a note in a newspaper. On the same date, Dr. John F. Condon, Bronx, New York City, a retired school principal, published in the Bronx Home parole an offer to act as go-between and to pay an additional $1,000 ransom.The following day the intravenous feedingth ransom note was received by Dr. Condon, which indicated he would be acceptable as a go-between. This was approved by Colonel Lindbergh (fbi 2010) In total, 12 ransom notes were received from the kidnappers. None were found in the same place and the somebody contacted as to their whereabouts changed each time as well.After the 12th note,which reduced the ransom to the original asking price of $50,000, Dr Condon began negotiating t hrough the newspapers on when and where to meet. On April 2 1932 Dr Condon with Lindbergh not far in a park car, met with John at St Raymonds Cemetary in the Bronx to exchange the ransom for the childs whereabouts. Because Lindbergh wanted the focus on child retrieval and not kidnapper apprehension, the police were not told about the exchange,however the bank did record the serial numbers from the 10,000 in cash and 40,000 in gold certificates.John gave them the thirteenth and last note stating the child could be found on a ship called The Nelly in Marthas Vineyard under the care of 2 innocent women under the impression they were babysitting. Instead of following John they contacted police who informed local authorities and Lindbergh took to the air to find the ship. Despite all efforts, the ship could not be found. Later they would find it didnt even exist. Lindbergh conceded he had gained nothing by paying the ransom.THE DISCOVERYOn May 12, 1932, the body of the kidnapped baby wa s accidentally found, partly buried, and badly decomposed, about four and a half miles southeast of the Lindbergh home, 45 feet from the highway, near Mount Rose, New Jersey, in Mercer County. The discovery was made by William Allen, an assistant on a motortruck driven by Orville Wilson. The head was crushed, there was a hole in the skull and some of the body members were missing.The body was positively identified by Lindbergh who, and after cause of death was determined, ordered its immediate cremation in Trenton, New Jersey, on May 13, 1932. The Coroners examination showed that the child had been dead for about two months and that death was caused by a blow on the head. (FBI 2010)Now a murder investigation, the breast (who was acting merely in an auxiliary capacity, since there was no federal jurisdiction.) was now in charge.The President directed that all governmental investigative agencies should place themselves at the disposal of the state of New Jersey and that the FBI shou ld serve as a clearinghouse and coordinating agency for all investigations in this case conducted by federal investigative units.On May 23, 1932, the FBI in New York City informed banks in greater New York that the Bureau was the coordinating agency for all governmental activity in the case.A close watch for ransom money was requested. A pamphlet containing serial numbers was created. Copies of this pamphlet was given to each employee handling currency in banks, clearinghouses, grocery stores in certain selected communities, insurance companies, gasoline filling stations, airports, department stores, post offices, and telegraphy companies.(fbi 2010)As time went on, the money and certificates popped up along the eastern seaboard, but police had no way to analyze the bills recovered. Just as the case turned cold, On May 1st, 1933 there was an executive order released for any individuals in possession of any gold certificates to turn them into a bank for money if you were to be found i n possession of the gold certificates after this date you were held criminally responsible and could be punished via a fine of $10,000 or up to ten years in prison.Prior to this deadline, $2990 in gold certificates matching the serial number were turned into a local bank, but the bank attendants were busy ascribable to the deadline and did not notice the serial numbers until after the individuals left the bank. What seemed to be a proceedsless endeavor finally bore its first solid fruit in Sept 1934.16 certificates had popped up in New York. A suspicious gas station attendant had wrote the licence plate number of a man who had used the certificate to purchase gas on the certificate itself. Soon after the bank teller informed the FBI. The license plate belonged to a german immigrant carpenter named Bruno Richard Hauptmann. He was married and had a son close in age to young Lindbergh had he been alive.TRIAL AND EXECUTIONWhen police arrested Hauptmann on Sept 19 1934 he had a $20 cer tificate on his person. Police claimed to have found many pieces of evidence in Hauptmanns home. Over $13,000 in certificates were found in his garage. An apparent sketch of a collapsible ladder similar to the one used in the kidnapping was found. Jim Condons telephone number and address was found write on a closet wall in the house (history.com) whether this handwriting matched Hauptmanns or the ransom notes is unknown.Hauptmann did admit to police that he wrote the information down himself, but this was after hours of interrogation and at least one severe beating (FBI, 2010). Some questioned why he would still have these items 2 years after the kidnapping.The most damning evidence was found in the attic. Investigators noticed a beem missing from his rafters.The piece that would come to be known as Rail 16 was found to be part of the homemade ladder found by the Lindberghs home and became a large part of the prosecutions case. Wood expert Arthur Koehler was one of 8 experts who te stified for the prosecution. He matched Rail 16 of the kidnap ladder with the flooring from the attic.The four irregularly spaced extra nail holes in Rail 16 matched up perfectly with the holes in the attic floor joists. Prosecutor Wilentz broke up their dry testimony by bringing on a statuesque beauty, Hildegarde Alexander, expound as a blonde pajama model, who testified that she saw Hauptmann staring at Dr. Condon in a telegraph office. Alexander was one of many eyewitnesses for both sides whose testimony seemed contrived. (crime mag)This included an 87-year-old Hopewell man, testifying for the prosecution, claimed that Hauptmann drove by his house the morning of the kidnapping. That is, he remembered the face of a stranger in a car, before he had any reason to take notice of him, and could pick him out in the courtroom three years later. Only after the trial, the defense learned that this witness was legally blind and had been so at the time of the sighting.This couldve been kno wn if the defense had challenged his eyesight as expected of an 87 year old witness. Even Lindberghs claim that he recognized Hauptmanns articulatio as being the same voice that said Hey, Doc, at the cemetery 2 years earlier seems far-fetched. But he was the Lone Eagle. As the public prosecutor told the jury, And Lindy remembered that voice. And who is to say he didnt? Are you going to substitute your judgment for his?. (crime mag)VERDICT AND SENTENCINGOn Feb. 13, 1935, after 11 hours of deliberation, the jury returned a guilty verdict. Hauptmann was sentenced to death. A series of appeals, eventually reaching the Supreme Court in December 1935, were unsuccessful, and a clemency bid was rejected on March 30, 1936. Desperate to bring others to justice but running out of time, the prosecution offered Hauptmann a deal- your life for your confession and accomplices. A newspaper offered $90,000 to Hauptmanns wife and child to accept the deal. (Fleming, 2010)Hauptmann, denying until t he end any involvement in the crime, told them he had no names to give. On April 3, 1936, 19 months after the verdict, he was executed by electric chair. Soon after the United States Congress follow a federal kidnapping statuteknown as the Federal Kidnapping Act 18 U.S.C. 1201(a)(1) (popularly known as the Lindbergh Law, or Little Lindbergh Law) dominating the death penalty for transporting a kidnapped victim across a state line.(history.com)CONCLUSIONThis day, many forensic scientists and police investigators are under the belief that Bruno Richard Hauptmann was innocent and that he fell victim to police and their need for closure a case. There was too much circumstantial evidence and police made too many mistakes crime scenes were contaminated, evidence lacked and was not always connected. (fORENSIC FILES)Lindberghs dominating control of the investigation raises even more questions. Sadly, Lindberghs fame was greater than Hauptmanns innocence. A point made clear by the jury, wh o so quickly found him guilty beyond reasonable doubt, even though so much was left unclear or unknown.

Book Will Always Exist Essay

We are living in a century of technical progress. More and much raw(a) gadgets appear in our everyday lives. If I had been told ten years ago that I would be able to check e-mails, listen to the music and occupy electronic books with the use of only mobile phone, I wouldnt have believed it. Nevertheless nowadays its as easy as abc to immortalise a book through computer, mobile phone or a special e-books reader. Major IT corporations raise competition for the invention of the most modern and snug devise helping people among other options to read e-books.One of the advantages of e-books is that you can download it to your mobile phone, for example. Consequently theres no need to claim a heavy thick book with you anymore. Additionally some internet sources give the possibility to download files for free. You dont go shopping, just to flicker on an icon. Hence, you simultaneously save your money and time the most vital things in life. With the appearance of I-Pads, thin and light , more people change from paper books to this new handy gadget. However in spite of the variety of technical devises for reading, in my opinion, books will always exist.There is a large group of people who privilege simple paper to any modern equipment. Some people like the feel and the smell of paper. From my point of view thats because paper is a subjective material, produced from wood. Megapolis citizens often suffer from the lack of nature in the world of electronics and technology. Likewise when I think of myself recharging my batteries after a hard working day I imagine myself lying on a cosy sofa reading a thrilling book, a real paper book.Id profess a guess that Im not the only one for whom a book may be associated with comfort and relax. Thats why its so pleasant to hold a book, turn its pages and feel yourself enjoying the atmosphere.

Hrm: Job Involvement & Its Dimensions

JOB INVOLVEMENT concern enfolding can be defined as work forcetal identification with wholenesss work as easy as the degree to which the line of business situation is central to the employee and his or her identity. As employees with a high up degree of hire out interestingness argon more likely to regard work as the circle round of their self- creations (Frone & Russell, 1995), they are also more likely to increase their self-respect through successful job cognitive operation (Burke, 1991) and display of organizational beneficial behaviors (Diefendorff, Brown, Kamin, & Lord, 2002).Brown (1996) opined that employees with high job involvement would form greater psychological identification with their work, which in stoop would increase job satis eventiveness. Mowday, Porter, and Steers (1982) also pointed out that employees psychological needs are gradually satisfied as the employees become involved with their jobs and that this satisfaction establishes a sense of orga nizational commitment. Researchers have revealed that employees with a high degree of job satisfaction or organizational commitment display a higher degree of Organizational Commitment Behavior (OCB) (Podsakoff et al. 2000). These studies suggest that job involvement has a subordinationling influence on OCB. Task variety might mitigate employees involvement in their jobs, which in turn would have a negative effect on their display of OCB. Factors affecting job involvement 1. pipeline involvement and empowerment Empowerment is the process of enabling or authorizing an individual to think, behave, take action and control work and finality making in autonomous ways. Empowering the employees means providing them with higher level tasks, responsibility and decision making in the performance of their job.According to Wilkinson et al. (1998) and Karia and Asaari (2006), empowerment is a dominant HRM/TQM practice there was a strong association with job involvement. 2. mull over involve ment and teamwork Teamwork is defined as a joint action by a assort of people, in which each person subordinates his or her individual interests and opinions to the unity and competency of the group. Over the years, HRM/TQM policies have come to recognize and emphasize the importance of teamwork to facilitate employees ability to work unitedly to get a job done (Morrow, 1997 Karia & Ahmad, 2000).A study by Osland (1997) found that working unneurotic with a production unit leads to better employee attitudes. 3. Job involvement and Communication Communication is an important grammatical constituent in organizations, for connecting employees and permitting organizations to function, as well as an essential element to the implementation of HRM/TQM (Gray & Laidlaw, 2002). When communication is open and unceasing in three directions, (up, down and across) work processes and performance increases.This in turn increases employees job involvement. 4. Job involvement and employee partic ipation A study conducted by Karia and Ahmad (2000) found that employee participation, predicts significantly towards job involvement. In some separate surveys though, results indicate that lack of participation would not be able to improve employees personal abilities and capabilities, help them tilt certain aspects of personal traits and increase their self-respect. 5. Job involvement and leadershipThere is a weak race between leadership and employees job involvement. The lack of top management commitment from any particular group within these organizations can be a serious barrier in the management of quality and it is one of the reasons for the failure of HRM/TQM efforts on job involvement amongst employees (Wilkinson et al. 1998). A study by De Hoogh et al. (2005), which found that leadership has a positive influence on employee outcomes. 6. Job involvement and Training and DevelopmentIt is important that management hear these activities tend to require long-term commitment , as results are not immediately realized. Therefore, the training department must(prenominal) provide continuous training and development in ensuring the success of HRM/TQM practices in contributing improvement in job involvement. The findings of Karia and Ahmad (2000) regarding training and development, states that employees can generate innovative ideas for solving problems and it helps employees in their personal involvement. Impact of Job InvolvementCohens (1999) research supported the important status of job involvement as an antecedent to organizational commitment. Specifically, Cohen argued that those individuals with high levels of job involvement, which stem from positive experiences on-the-job (Kanungo, 1979 Witt, 1993), make attributions for these experiences to the organization. Thus, having previously received benefits from the organization and existence obligated by the norm of reciprocity (Gouldner, 1960) to repay them, high job involvement employees feel compelled to requite in some form.Cohen (1999, p. 292) asserted that to the extent that positive experiences are attributed to the efforts of organizational officials, these are reciprocated with increased emotive organizational commitment to the persons who caused them. This increased affective commitment (i. e. where employees adopt the companys goals as their own and, therefore, desire to preserve with the organization to help it achieve its goals (Meyer & Allen, 1984 Mowday et al. 1979) later is found to reduce upset intentions, absence behaviour, and/or disturbance (Cohen, 2000 Hackett et al. 2001), as well as increase job performance (Carmeli and Freund, 2001). Given the fact that job involvement is thought to be an important determinant of effort and motivation, and other job attitudes have been shown to positively rival to OCBs (Van Scotter, 2000), it is anticipated that those high in job involvement will engage in more OCBs. supposition suggests that these gender differences wh itethorn be more evident for OCB-Is (i. . , behaviors directed toward others, such(prenominal) as helping), than for the less communal OCB-Os (i. e. , behaviors directed toward the organization). Regardless of a persons sex, it may be expected that an individual high in job involvement will feel compelled to engage in OCB-Os, such as staying late, attending non-mandatory meetings, and not pickings extra breaks. Alternatively, OCB-Is may be exhibited at different levels for highly involved women and highly involved men.Specifically, women who are deeply involved in their work may feel more obliged to help others than as involved men, because women may internalize the belief that they should act communally and help others. Thus, highly involved women may engage in more OCB-Is (operationalized as altruism, courtesy, and possibly sportsmanship) than highly involved men, suggesting that sex will precede the relationship between job involvement and OCB-Is. In terms of the specific OCB places, the Civic legality dimension is most closely related to job involvement.Conceptually this finding makes sense given that Civic Virtue is defined as the level of involvement a person has in the political life of the organization. The fact that both the OCB-O dimensions (Conscientiousness and Civic Virtue) and in-role performance were predicted by job involvement regardless of sex, lends credence to the idea that exhibiting behaviors such as staying late, attending meetings, and completing task duties are performed at the same level for involved men and women.These dimensions represent behaviors that can be thought of as facilitating task performance and enhancing the environment surrounding ones central tasks. Job Satisfaction and job involvement Job involvement (Employee engagement, or Work engagement), is a concept that is generally viewed as managing discretionary effort, that is, when employees have choices, they will act in a way that furthers their organizations inter ests. An assiduous employee is a person who is fully involved in, and enthusiastic about, his or her work.Several Studies have shown that there exists a direct relationship between Job Involvement and Job Satisfaction. Past research on unpaid turnover has produced very extensive and sophisticated models however, a recent and more parsimonious model of turnover utilizes only two employee work attitudes to predict turnover propensity. These two attitudes are job involvement and organizational commitment. The premise discussed here is that job involvement and organizational commitment interact jointly to affect turnover.For example, the job employees do helps them meet their intrinsic needs, such as satisfactorily performing a challenging job, which, in turn, increases their sense of competence. This leads to increasing employees job involvement attitude. Likewise, the organization helps employees meet their social and other extrinsic final payment needs, such as pay, fringe benefit s and promotions. This leads to increasing employees organizational commitment attitude.

Entrepreneurship Versus Intrapreneurship

Entrepreneurship versus Intrapreneurship1 veronica MAIER2 Cristiana POP ZENOVIA Abstract This paper provides a review of theoretical studies on the beliefs of entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship, pinpointing the similarities and differences between them. Entrepreneurship continues to thrive in almost all corners of the world. Entrepreneurs argon reshaping the business environment, creating a world in which their companies play an important role in the vitality of the global economy. But there is not of all time necessary to establish a company in order to implement natural ideas.A large potential drop lies in applying business principles deep down alive organizations. Keywords entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, human capital, business, leadership JEL classification L26 Introduction Why argon entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs suddenly more(prenominal) important today than before? An explanation to this question would be that the world is ever-changing nowadays more rapidly un der the influence of rising technologies. The increasing competition hinders our work. It does not get along anymore to stand before our competitors simply driven by our will of competing we have to convey something new to the market.Entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs play a decisive role as they help the company (newly established or real) to assume in new business and enter new markets. The theory of entrepreneurship is seen as the process of uncovering and growing an prospect to create value through innovation and seizing that opportunity without regard to either resources (human and capital) or the location of the entrepreneur in a new or existing company (Churchill, 1992). 1 2 Investing in people Ph. D. scholarship, Project co-financed by the SECTORAL OPERATIONAL PROGRAM FOR HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 2007 2013, antecedence Axis 1. Education and training in support for growth and development of a knowledge ground society, Key area of intervention 1. 5 Doctoral and pos t-doctoral programs in support of research. Contract nr. POSDRU/88/1. 5/S/60185 INNOVATIVE DOCTORAL STUDIES IN A KNOWLEDGE BASED SOCIETY Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Veronica MAIER, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania E-mailveronica. emailprotected com Cristiana POP ZENOVIA, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania E-mailcristina. emailprotected com Volume 12, protrude 5, December 2011 971 go off of foreign Comparative solicitudeIntrapreneurship bet the initiation and implementation of advance(a) systems and practices within an organization, by some of its staff under the supervision of a manager who takes the role of an intrapreneur, in order to improve the economical performance of the organization, by using a part of its resources, namely those that previously have not been used in an appropriate manner. Intrapreneurship improves the economical and fiscal performance of the company, by applying a more efficient use of the resources and by using a adapted motivation al system for its employees (Istocescu, 2003).Similarities and differences between entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship Unlike the entrepreneur, the intrapreneur acts within an existing organization. The intrapreneur is the revolutionary inside the organization, who fights for smorgasbord and vicissitude from within the system. This may give rise to conflicts within the organization, so respect is the necessary key in order to channel these conflicts and transform them into positive aspects for the organization.Even though intrapreneurs benefit from using the resources of the organization for the implementation of the appear opportunities, there are several motives why innovation is more difficult to implement in an existing organization, such as (Malek & Ilbach, 2004) The size the bigger the organization the more difficult it is to have an overview of the actions of every employee deficiency of communication Specialization and separation, help in concentrating on the areas o f interest, but hinder communication. inhering competition Internal competition amplifies the problem because instead of sharing the knowledge with others it borders the knowledge sharing. Everyone wants to keep the information for themselves. Feedback received in case of advantage/mistake Costs in case of failure are too great and the reward for a successful outcome too small. Intrapreneurs must be allowed to commit mistakes, because such mistakes are an inevitable part in the entrepreneurial process. The recognition of success is also very rare.No company provides honorarium in advance for what an entrepreneur might accomplish, but a lot of them like to talk more or less the concept of intapreneurship and expected their employees to get seed and assume their guess. But finally, when motivated employees get involves and have success their only reward is a small bonus. Dullness Many companies are slow and reluctant to change. Intrapreneurs happen many times into the well kn own sentence We always did it this way, which leaves little or no space to creativity.The willingness to try new things appears only when the companys shortcomings become apparent, but even so they dont give room to an innovative leadership. Hierarchies Organizational hierarchies compel employees to ask permission for actions that fall outside their occasional duties. The more complex the hierarchy the more difficult it is to impose change. Hierarchies 972 Volume 12, Issue 5, December 2011 Review of International Comparative Management have also tended to create a short-term thinking.Employees on disdain hierarchical levels have a Victim-Mentality due to a reduced area of action and reduced responsibilities. Those who gaze to implement innovative ideas should first consider what the ruff option for them is as an intrapreneur, as part of an existing organization, or an entrepreneur in a newly established company. In order to give an coiffe to this question an analysis of the ad vantages and disadvantages of both concepts is traind. The table below helps someone decide what type of business best suits him after confronting him with the advantages and disadvantages that await him.Table 1 Entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship advantages and disadvantages ENTREPRENEURSHIP Advantages Disadvantages You are your own boss independency Money pressure talent up on the security of a regular paycheck The income increases Less benefits as the business is new You have the chance to be original You have part of excitement and adventure Long working hours Mistakes are magnified There are a lot of possibilities Salary potential you decide upon your wholly decisions must be made alone own salary INTRAPRENEURSHIP Advantages Disadvantages Ability to stay in a friendly, well known Reward may not be up to expectation environment instauration may not be appreciated Practicing your skills within an organizaaccordingly tion lower risk You can be innovative but to a cerUsing companies resources, good name, tain limit you are not your own knowledge boss admittance to customers, infrastructure After seeing the pros and the cons of each concept we think that it is useful to see also the similarities and differences between these two concepts.Morris & Kuratko (2002) are of the opinion that the literature is sometimes confusing in underlining what exactly makes an entrepreneur varied from an intrapreneur and what they have in common. This is why they point out a serious a similarities and differences Review of International Comparative Management Volume 12, Issue 5, December 2011 973 Table 2 Entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship similarities and differences Similarities some(prenominal) involve opportunity recognition and definition. both require a unique business concept that takes the form of a product, process, or service. Both are driven by an individual champion who works with a team to bring the concept to fruition. Both req uire that the entrepreneur be able to balance vision with managerial skill, exasperation with pragmatism, and proactiveness with patience.Both involve concepts that are most vulnerable in the formative stage, and that require adaptation over time. Both entail a window of opportunity within which the concept can be successfully capitalized upon. Both are predicated on value creation and accountability to a customer. Both entail risk and require risk management strategies. Both require the entrepreneur to develop creative strategies for leveraging resources. Both involve significant ambiguity. Both require harvesting strategies. Differences In start-up entrepreneurship, the entrepreneur takes the risk in intrapreneurship and the company takes the risk other than career-related risk. In start-up the individual entrepreneur owns the concept and business in intrapreneurship the company typically owns the concept and intellectual rights with the individual entrepreneur having little or no equity in the venture at all. In a start-up potential rewards for the individual entrepreneur are theoretically unlimited where in intrapreneurship an organizational structure is in steer to limit rewards/compensation to the entrepreneur/employee. In a start-up venture, one strategic gaffe could plastered instant failure in intrapreneurship the organization has more flexibility for management errors. In a start-up the entrepreneur is subject or more susceptible to outside influences in intrapreneurship the organization is more insulated from outside forces or influence. Source Morris, 2000Other famous authors have also pinpointed some differences between entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship. Even though intrapreneurship is rooted in entrepreneurship (Amo & Kolvereid, 2005 Antoncic, 2001 Davis, 1999 Honig, 2001), there are several differences between these two concepts. In this context Antoncic & Hisrich (2003) refer that while intrapreneurs make risky decisions by using the resources of the company, the entrepreneurs make risky decisions using their own resources (Antoncic & Hisrich, 2003). Intrapreneurship takes place among employees from within an organization while entrepreneurship tends to mainly be externally focused (Antoncic & Hisrich, 2003 Davis, 1999).Entrepreneurs prefer to develop mute knowledge, in new organizations, instead of using procedures and mechanisms from other companies. On the other hand intrapreneurs work in organizations that have their own policies, procedures and bureaucracy (Antoncic & Hisrich, 2003 Davis, 1999). 974 Volume 12, Issue 5, December 2011 Review of International Comparative Management Although there are several differences between entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship, they also have some connections because intrapreneurship is consistently positioned as entrepreneurship within organizations (Antoncic, 2001 Davis, 1999). Conclusions In this paper we have reviewed the literature, which explores both ent repreneurship and intrapreneurship and the relations between them.An important outcome of the review is the acknowledgement of the similarities and differences between entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship and also the advantages and disadvantages of both concepts. Nowadays, when we are facing economically difficult times, entrepreneurship and inrapreneurship are an excellent light beam for breaking out of the trend trough innovation, by bringing something new on the market. Both entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship are instruments of innovation that help in creating new competencies and accessing new markets. Finally, without developing the insight towards these various aspects, no change of the company can be realized, and changing, so adapting means in fact, the survival of that company.The value created yesterday, can mean nothing today, therefore only a sustainable company, who recognizes the difference between an entrepreneur and intrapreneur, can address ideas and creativ ity into successful new values for tomorrow. Bibliography 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Amo, B. W. & Kolvereid, L. (2005). Organizational strategy, individual personality and innovation behavior daybook of Enterprising Culture, 13(1), pp. 7-19. Antoncic, B. (2001). Organizational processes in intrapreneurship a conceptual integration, Journal of Enterprising Culture, 9(2), pp. 221-35. Antoncic, B. , & Hisrich, R. D. (2003). Clarifying the intrapreneurship concept, Journal of lessened Business & Enterprise Development, 2003, pp. 724 Churchill, N. C. , Reserch issues in entrepreneurship (2003). n Antoncic, B & Hisrich, R, D, Clarifying the intrapreneurship concept, Journal of Small Business & Enterprise Development, pp. 7-24 Davis, K. S. (1999). Decision criteria in the evaluation of potential inrapreneurs, Journal of Engineering & Technology Management, pp. 295327 Honig, B. (2001). education strategies and resources for entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 26(1), pp. 21-35. Istocescu, A. (2006). Intreprenoriat si intraprenoriat in Romania, Editura ASE, pp. 67-85 Review of International Comparative Management Volume 12, Issue 5, December 2011 975 8. Levesque, M. & Minniti, M. (2006). The effect of aging on entrepreneurial behaviour, Journal of Business Venturing, 2006. 9. Malek, M. & Ibach, P. K. (2004).Entrepreneurship. Prinzipien, Ideen und Geschaftsmodelle zur Unternehmensgrundung im Informationszeitalter, dpunkt. verlag, pp. 105-113 10. Merrifield, D. B. (1993). Intrapreneurial corporate reformation, Journal of Business Venturing, pp. 383-389 11. Molina, C. & Callahan, J. L. (2009). Fostering organizational performance. The role of learning and intrapreneurship, Journal of European Industrial Training, 33(5), pp. 388-400. 12. Nicolescu, O. & Nicolescu, C. (2008). Intreprenoriatul si managementul intreprinderilor mici si mijlocii, Editura Economica, pp. 52-59 976 Volume 12, Issue 5, December 2011 Review of International Comparati ve Management

Answer Key

Professor Mumford emailprotected edu Econ 360 F all(prenominal) 2012 Problem Set 1 Answers True/False (30 points) 1. FALSE If (ai , bi ) i = 1, 2, . . . , n and (xi , yi ) i = 1, 2, , n be sets of n pairs of modus operandis, thus n n n (ai xi + bi yi ) = i=1 i=1 ai x i + i=1 bi yi 2. FALSE If xi i = 1, 2, . . . , n is a set of n numbers, and so n n n n n (xi ? x) = ? i=1 n i=1 2 x2 i ? 2? x i=1 xi + i=1 x = ? i=1 2 x2 ? n? 2 x i where x = ? 1 n i=1 xi 3. true(p) If xi i = 1, 2, . . . , n is a set of n numbers and a is a constant, then n n a xi = a i=1 n i=1 xi = a n x ? here x = ? 1 n i=1 xi 4. FALSE If X and Y argon freelancer random variables then E (Y X) = E (Y ) 1 5. TRUE If a1 , a2 , . . . , an atomic number 18 constants and X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn are random variables then n n E i=1 ai X i = i=1 ai E (Xi ) 6. FALSE For a random variable X, let = E (X). The variance of X can be expressed as V ar(X) = E X 2 ? 2 7. TRUE For random variables Y and X, the variance of Y conditional on X = x is given by V ar(Y X = x) = E Y 2 x ? E (Y x)2 8. TRUE An computing machine, W , of ? is an unbiased estimator if E (W ) = ? for all possible harbors of ?. 9.FALSE The central limit theorem states that the average from a random archetype distribution for any population (with ? nite variance) when it is standardized, by subtracting the mean and then dividing by the standard deviation, has an asymptotic standard principle distribution. 10. TRUE The law of large numbers states that if X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn are independent, identically distributed random variables with mean , then ? plim Xn = 2 Multiple Choice Questions (a) ceteris paribus (b) correlation coefficient (c) causal e? ect (d) independence (20 points) 11. The idea of holding all else equal is known as 12.If our dataset has one remark for every state for the year 2000, then our dataset is (a) cross-section(a) data (b) pooled cross-sectional data (c) epoch series data (d) panel data 13. If our da taset has one musing for every state for the year 2000 and an different observation for each state in 2005, then our dataset is (a) cross-sectional data (b) pooled cross-sectional data (c) time series data (d) panel data 14. If our dataset has one observation for the state of Indiana each year from 1950-2005 then our dataset is (a) cross-sectional data (b) pooled cross-sectional data (c) time series data (d) panel data 15.Consider the function f (X, Y ) = (aX + bY )2 . What is (a) 2aX (b) a(aX + bY ) (c) 2a(aX + bY ) (d) a2 X ? f (X,Y ) ? X 3 Long Answer Questions (50 points) 16. The sum of squared deviations (subtracting the average value of x from each observation on x) is the sum of the squared xi minus n clock the square of x. There are ? several ways to show this, here is one n n xi (xi ? x) ? i=1 = i=1 n (xi ? x + x) (xi ? x) ? ? ? n = i=1 n (xi ? x) (xi ? x) + ? ? i=1 n x (xi ? x) ? ? = i=1 (xi ? x)2 + x ? ? i=1 n (xi ? x) ? (xi ? x) = 0, so ? and we know that i=1 n i=1 (xi ? x)2 ? 17. There are several ways to show that this expression equals the sample covariance between x and y, here is one n n xi (yi ? y ) ? i=1 = i=1 n (xi ? x + x) (yi ? y ) ? ? ? n = i=1 n (xi ? x) (yi ? y ) + x ? ? ? i=1 (yi ? y ) ? = i=1 (xi ? x) (yi ? y ) ? ? 18. Correlation and causation are not always the same thing. (a) A prejudicial correlation means that larger class size is associated with lower test performance. This could be because the relationship is causal meaning that having a larger class size actually hurts student performance.However, there are other reasons we might ? nd a disallow relationship. For example, children from more a? uent families might be more presumable to attend schools with littler class sizes, and a? uent children generally score better on standardized tests. another(prenominal) possibility is that within a school, a principal might assign the better students to smaller classes. Or, whatsoever parents might insist that their children are in the smaller classes, and these same parents tend to be more problematic in their childrens statement. Given the potential for confounding factors such as these, ? ding a negative correlation between class size and test scores is not strong evidence that smaller 4 class sizes actually lead to better performance. Thus, without other information, we cannot draw a meaningful sparing conclusions. A correct answer should explain that we should be careful about drawing economic conclusions from saucer-eyed correlations. (b) The sample correlation between N and T is de? ned as s rN T = N T sN sT where the sample covariance, sN T , is given by sN T = 1 999 1000 ? Ni ? N i=1 ? Ti ? T and the sample standard deviations are given by sN = 1 999 1000 Ni ? N i=1 2 sT = 1 999 1000 ? Ti ? T i=1 2 Note that there are several alternative ways to write this and statistical programs generally use other algorithms to calculate the correlation that are less prone to loss of precision due to roundo? error or storage everywhere? ow. 19. Wage data (a) There are 526 observations. (b) There are 274 men in the sample. This means that the sample is 52. 09 percent male. (c) The average level of education in the sample is 12. 6 years. The average level of education is 12 years. (d) The highest education level in the sample is 18 years of school. 9 people in the sample report having 18 years of education. (e) The average hourly wage in the sample is $5. 90. The median hourly wage in the sample is $4. 65. 20. Fertility data (a) There are 363 women in the sample. (b) The average number of children ever born to a woman in the sample is 2. 3. The median number is 2. (c) The largest number of children ever born to a woman in the sample 7. Six women report having seven children. (d) 25 percent of the sample lived in the eastern United States at age 16. (e) The average level of eduction in the sample is 13. 2 years. 5

Mark Twain Case Essay

print twain was an extremely deep author in his lifetime. He wrote many another(prenominal) storied books, articles and stories. He was as comfortably as a mankind traveler. He visited five continents and crossed the Atlantic Ocean 29 times. In general, he is notarized for his manufacturing works. However, he also composed many successful non-fiction manuscripts as well.Many of bracings non-fiction works were indite on his travels. In his travels to the Old City, Twain took photographs to correspond with his written work. He described the Old City, highlighting the methods and readiness in which the Jewish people of the city worshipped and interacted with one another. go doing this, he proposed divulges to many of the places that he visited. Many of these names run through stuck, and have become the common names of landmarks (Journey to the Holy City, 2). closely readers are already familiar with the broad brushstrokes of discipline Twains life. Many interviews, how ever, were conducted in exhibition to present a totally new facet of the Twain story, unfictionalized and in fascinating detail. These interviews appeared in a great diversity of American and international newspapers during the long course of his creative adult life (Nash). The interviews provide information to the volumes and volumes of Twains imaginative and satirical capabilities. Most famous of the non-fiction works written by Twain is his adult biography. The biography tells the compelling story, from his own perspective, of life and the passions behind his works.Countless books have been written about Twains life. One book, written by Ron Powers, has been hailed by critics as serving as a biography but much morePowers uses Twains life to tell us what America was like then and, tangentially, why were what we are today (Spiegel, 2). Twains world travels began in 1867, when a California newspaper sent him on a five-month trip to Europe and the middle East. There, he wrote many letters that were later put together to form the book The Innocents Abroad (Twains Travels, 1). Mark Twain is considered to be one of the worlds greatest humorists. His witty phrases and observations filled the pages of his non fiction works (WordPlay, 1). Twain was also one of the first persons in his town in Hartford, Connecticut to have a telephone. An example of his humorous use of satire to describe a situation occurred in 1880. Twain was amused by his new device, as it enabled persons who enjoyed eavesdropping to hear only one side of a conversation. As a result, he wrote an amusing description of listening to his wife talk on the telephone (Twain, 1). Twain composed many of his non-fiction works under his pen name. His legal name was Samuel Clemens. While often busy in travel, Twain spent over 17 years at his beloved Hartford home. While living there, he published six books. These include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, A Tramp Abroad, The Prince and the Pauper, Life on the M ississippi, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court (Allen). Literature critics have paying significant attention to Twains twang in his nonfiction writings, stating that he pours forth a flood of most graphic word painting. He talks slowly and extracts each of his vowels with a corkscrew twist that would make even the announcement of a funeral sound like a joke (Marks Twang, 1).Critics have also spent significant amounts of time dissecting Twains life as well as books written about his life. In an article by Middlekauff, the author describes Twain as an inspiration to biographers, historians and literary critics alike. Middlekauff elaborates on this by concluding, Mark Twain, in all of his fascination, will never exhaust the pertain of his readers (1). It seems as though Middlekauff hit it right on.In the past decade, in particular, Twains name has been used publicly to highlight achievement. Schools have been named after him. Additionally, m any literary awards have been named after the famous author. For example, in 2006, playwright Neil Simon was presented with the Ninth Annual Mark Twain Prize for American Humor (Awards and Prizes, 1). working CitedAllen, Daniel. Mark Twain. Yankee. November 2006. Vol 70(9). 1 pg.Awards and Prizes. American Theatre. September 2006. Vol 23(7). 1 pg.Journey to the Holy City in the Footsteps of Mark Twain. PSA Journal. October 2006.Volume 72(10). 2 pg.Marks Twang. Harpers Magazine. September 2006. Vol 313(1876). 1 pg.Middlekauff, Robert. Mark Twain A Life. Journal of American History. SeptemberVol 93(2). 1 pg.Nash, Charles. Mark Twain The Complete Interviews. program library Journal. October 1,Vol. 131(16). 2 pg.Spiegel, Pamela. Leaders as Readers. American Libraries. May 2006. Vol 37(5), 4 pg.Twain, Mark. A Telephonic Conversation. Atlantic. September 2006. Vol 298(2). 1pg.Twains Travels Letters from home from France, Morocco, Egypt and Russia. Read.November 3, 2006. Vol 56(6). 2 pg.W ordplay. Read. November 3, 2006. Vol 56(6). 1 pg.

Is Time Real Essay

Is Time Real The aspects of succession that we arse understand be only establish on what we can perceive, observe, and calculate. Every day we look at our watches or clocks. We plan our day slightly different times of the day. Time tells us when to eat, when to sleep, and how long to do things for. Is time real? To answer this question, let me explain what time is source. Time is defined as a measured or measurable period, a continuum that lacks spatial dimensions. This broad definition lacks the simple explanation that humans atomic number 18 searching for. There are many scientists, philosophers, and thinkers who have tried to put time into understanding terms.In the following paragraph, I allow discuss the meaning of time perceived and theorized by two of the greatest minds of human kind ? wizardry and Kant. Albert Einsteins theory of relativity (study guide, 53) came up with the idea that both space and time were recounting to the observer, or the state of motion of the observer (Broadcast). If there are two chairs, and you study someone seated in one, when you turn away, you can not be sure that he or she is still there. You besides can not be sure that they are not in two chairs at the corresponding time, or what point in time they are in them.This all leads up to Einsteins theory that time is relative. What Einsteins theory fillmed to tell us was that time is not commanding and universal. It can be changed by motion. Each observer carries around his own personal scale of time and it does not absolutely agree with anybody elses. However, some philosophers have argued that all time is unreal. Kant, for example, claimed that time both the prejudiced time we experience as flowing, and objective time as the fixed series of all events ? is a construct of the human mind (Manuel Velasquez, 244). For Kant space and time are not real things, but are modes of experience.Kants solution was to say that there is something in our mind, that makes everyt hing that we experience to our sense be located in time so that the physical world is simply bound to be temporal because of the way our minds industrial plant (Broadcast). From my point of view, time is definitely real, only our experience of time is subjective. For example, we see a take with grungy color followed by yellow color followed by blue and so on. We will at first be able to distinguish the blue from the yellow as the train starts moving. After a while, the train moves very fast that the sequence appears to be simultaneous to our eyes and mind and we see green.We can see time is real because blue follows yellow, but our perception of time is subjective because we dont see a sequence of blue following yellow, but something else entirely. In conclusion, time is not easily explained or understood by anyone. Einstein and Kant have expanded their minds by coming up with possible theories for the unknown. We can theorize, and calculate our own, but I think it will always be an unknown. The mysteries of the universe will in my opinion be just that, a mystery. Resources Manuel Velasquez. Introduction What is philosophy Philosophy A text with Readings. freshly York Wadsworth, 2005. 244.

Finance and Portfolio Management Assignment 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance and Portfolio Management 4 - Assignment Example4. Acquisitions including Sun Microsystems, Siebel, I-Flex, PeopleSoft and others, may involve out of the blue(predicate) costs, and integration issues that may disrupt existing operations. 5. Risks relating to foreign currency gains and losses and risks relating to compliance with international and US laws that may adversely affect international sales and operations. 6. Risks of reducing prices or losing customers due to intense contestation and rapid technological evolution. Source http//www.wikinvest.com/stock/Oracle_%28ORCL%29/Filing/10-Q/2011/F94876420 Company Performance and Financial Ratios Compared vs. assiduity Average/ S&P 500 Growth Rate % Oracle Corp. Industry Average S&P 500 sales (Qtr vs. year ago qtr) 36.90 23.80 12.10 solve Income (YTD vs. YTD) 13.50 5.60 5.90 Net Income (Qtr vs. year ago qtr) 78.00 51.50 60.60 Sales (5-Year Annual Avg.) 17.85 14.05 7.98 Net Income (5-Year Annual Avg.) 16.28 11.74 8.03 Divide nds (5-Year Annual Avg.) N/A 4.76 5.30 Price Ratios % Current P/E Ratio 21.3 32.9 19.3 P/E Ratio 5-Year High NA 23.6 18.4 P/E Ratio 5-Year first base NA 8.4 2.6 Price/Sales Ratio 4.73 10.33 2.20 Price/Book Value 4.43 4.69 3.60 Price/Cash strike Ratio 15.40 20.60 15.30 Financial Condition % Debt/Equity Ratio 0.40 0.30 1.18 Current Ratio 2.9 2.4 1.4 Quick Ratio 2.9 1.8 1.0 affaire Coverage 14.4 21.3 83.8 Leverage Ratio 1.8 1.9 3.8 Book Value/Share 7.24 8.16 25.45 Profit gross profits % Gross Margin 75.3 74.9 39.0 Pre-Tax Margin 30.0 3.4 17.4 Net Profit Margin 22.4 22.3 12.8 5 Yr Gross Margins (5-Year Avg.) 78.1 76.1 38.8 5Yr Pre-tax Margin (5-Year Avg.) 33.1 26.2 15.6 5 Yr Net Profit Margins (5-Year Avg.) 23.7 17.9 11.1 Investment Returns % Return On Equity 23.7 27.0 23.4 Return On Assets 12.1 13.6 8.3 Return On corking 15.3 19.5 10.9 Return On Equity (5-Year Avg.) 24.7 26.1 19.6 Return On Assets (5-Year Avg.) 12.5 14.0 7.7 Return On Capital (5-Year Avg.) 16.4 20.3 10.2 Managemen t qualification Income/Employee 73,655 122,961 112,643 Revenue/Employee 328,520 495,504 990,090 Receivable Turnover 8.2 7.3 14.4 Inventory Turnover 28.7 58.6 11.8 Asset Turnover 0.5 0.6 0.8 Source http//moneycentral.msn.com/investor/invsub/results/compare.asp?Page=TenYearSummary& attribute=ORCL Based on the table presented above Oracle Corporations Performance and Financial ratios is relatively better or at par with industry average and with S&P 500. Gowth rate is high than industry average. The price ratios and interest coverage is lower than industry average. There is a clear diversity in Oracles Investment Return Ratios and Management Efficiency Ratios particularly in income and gross per employee. This low income/employee and revenue/employee ratios show that Oracle employees generally earn less than the industry average. In the want run this is crucial to Oracles operation as this relates to employee satisfaction and performance. It is also seen that no entropy is availab le on dividends paid as Oracle Corp have not consistently declared or paid dividends in the past years. The company is geared towards reinvesting funds in acquisitions and tends to delay recompense of dividends to stockholders. Reinvesting on its internal customers, the stockholders and the employees, is evidently low. Bonds Maturity Date Interest Price Yield % Oracle 5.75% 04/15/2018 5.75% 155.50 3.21 Oracle 144A 5.375% 07/15/2040 5.375% 101.90 5.25