Dementia Awareness Unit Essay

1. Explain what the term Dementia means 2. Describe the key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia 3. Explain why depression, delirium and age related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia 4. Outline the medical models of dementia 5. Outline the social models of dementia 6. Explain why dementia should be viewed as a disability 7. List the most common causes of dementia 8. Describe the likely signs and symptoms of the most common causes of dementia 9. Outline the risk factors for the most common causes of dementia 10. Identify prevalence rates for different types of dementia 11. Describe how different individuals may experience living with dementia depending on age, type of dementia, and level of ability and disability 12. Outline the impact that the attitudes and behaviours of others may have on an individual with dementia 1. Explain what the term Dementia means Dementia is a term used to describe the symptoms that occur when the brain is affected by specific diseases and conditions. Dementia is a syndrome do to disease of the brain, usually of a chronic progression nature in which there are multiple disturbances of higher cognitive function. Symptoms of dementia include loss of memory, confusion and problems with speech and understanding. 2. Describe the key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia The key function of the brain affected by dementia are: impairment of memory thinking, and orientation, learning abilities, language and jugement.The resulting disability depends on the interaction between the underlying disease process, the individual and the social environment. 3. Explain why depression, delirium and age related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia. Dementia often is developing slowly and is not always obvious in the early stages. There are symptoms similar to dementia seen in other illnesses and  sometimes it can be difficult to tell apart dementia from the usual forgetfulness seen in normal ageing. Also there are many other reason why people become forgetful, depressed, anxious, mood changing. Symptoms can be related to some medicines and drugs, vitamin deficiency, thyroid problems. 4. Outline the medical models of dementia Medical model relates to clinical approach, how the changes occur within the brain, managing the condition with medication, etc Dementia as a clinical syndrome is characterised by global cognitive impairment, which represents a decline from previous level of functioning, and is associated with impairment in functional abilities and, in many cases, behavioural and psychiatric disturbances. 5. Outline the social models of dementia Social model is more about the person, how it affects individuals, seeks to understand the emotions and behaviours of the person with dementia by placing him or her within the context of his or her social circumstances and biography. Looking at a person with dementia as an individual, with his or her own history and background, care and support can be designed to be more appropriate to individual needs. 6. Explain why dementia should be viewed as a disability Dementia is not a normal part of the aging process; it is a disease of the brain that leads to disability of cognitive function, behavioural or motor deficits. People with dementia are not able to live alone, they are a risk for them and for others; they need continuing supervision, carers who are trained to meet their needs. Dementia is progressive, which means the symptoms will gradually get worse. 7. List the most common causes of dementia Dementia it is a big umbrella term used to cover different conditions that cause dementia. There are many different types of dementia, the most common are Alzheimer’s disease, Vascular Dementia, Lewy body dementia, Alcohol related dementia, Front temporal dementia. All types of dementia are characterized by abnormal neurodegeneration, which is brain cells dying daily. This leads to cognitive, behavioural or motor deficits. One of the ways to categorized dementia is by where the damage to these cells is occurring in the brain. Alzheimer’s disease cause loss of brain cells, neurons, cause by what are called plagues and tangles in the brain. Plagues comprise of protein, known as amyloid which attach themselves to cells in the brain and ultimately destroys them. Tangles are bundles of abnormal fibres which consist in protein called tau.Alzheimer disease can be seen throughout the brain but is particularly noticeable in the temporal and parietal lobes. It also changes in the brain neurotransmitter system, the chemical messages which allow communication between brain cells breaks down. Vascular Dementia usually is due to a thrombosis, a cloth forming in a vessel which then leads to areas of brain cell death. Lewy body dementia. People with this type of dementia have brain plagues like someone with Alzheimer’s but have fewer tangles and instead have Lewy bodies which are pink staining structures found in neurones brain cells. Front temporal dementia is a degeneration of frontal and temporal lobes of the brain parts there are controlling the behaviour, emotional responses ore language skills. It is a rare form of dementia affecting younger people under the age of 65. Alcohol related dementia caused by atrophy of the brain associated with alcohol consuming. 8. Describe the likely signs and symptoms of the most common causes of dementia Alzheimer’s disease: Slow onset, Memory problems, poor concentration, word finding difficulty, impaired reasoning, increasing frequency and severity of symptoms, problem initiating new ideas, failure to recognise people, places, objects. Vascular dementia: Patchy brain impairments, abrupt onset, insight present, depression common, aphasia can be more prominent, personality changes. Lewy body dementia : memory loss, low attention spam, confusion, lost sense of smell, hallucination, delusion, slowness of movement, shaking of hands and legs, shuffling, sleep disturbance, loss of facial expression. Front temporal dementia: Apathy, routines and obsessions, speech fluent intact, little insight, loos of social awareness, neglect of responsibilities, poor judgement and impaired reasoning. 9. Outline the risk factors for the most common causes of dementia The main factor is old age; over 80 years old it is more likely to develop dementia. The risk factors can be: Unhealthy diet (excess of fat, animal protein, high processed food), obesity, smoking, misuse of alcohol, high blood pressure, lack of exercise, cardio- vascular diseases, and genetic background. A healthy lifestyle may reduce the risk of developing the disease. 10. Identify prevalence rates for different types of dementia Both man and woman get dementia. Dementia affects mainly older people but it can affect younger people. In UK there are about 750.000 people with dementia and 18.500 people under age of 65. Over 17.000 people got Alzheimer; it represents 40-50% of people with dementia. About 10% of people with dementia are known as mixed dementia. Vascular dementia, the second cause after Alzheimer affects about 20% of all dementia. Lewy bodies’ dementia affects about 19% of all dementia and it is believed to increase. Fronto-temporal dementia is one of the rarer types, affecting men and women under 65. It is the second cause for dementia in younger people (under 65) and is the third most common cause for this group of age. Korsakoff syndrome is diagnosed in about one in eight people with alcoholism. Present in about 2% of general population, it is affecting mainly man between 45 and 65 Parkinson dementia represents around 2% of all causes of dementia in the UK. 11. Describe how different individuals may experience living with dementia depending on age, type of dementia, and level of ability and disability Depending of the type of dementia, age, personality, environmental, individuals can experience different challenges despite of the pattern of the disease. Dementia is classified in three stages: early dementia, moderate dementia, severe dementia. In earlier stage a person with dementia can appear more apathetic, louse inters on activities, not interested to try new things, be unable to adapted  to changes, poor judgements, blame others to steal things, became more forgetful to recent events ,be more irritable if they fail on something, have difficulty handling money. In this stage the symptoms are not so evident and can be easily related to old age or tiredness. In moderate stage the symptoms are more evident and disabling. A person became more forgetful, confuse about space and time, lost if it is an unfamiliar surroundings, forget familiar names or confuse one family member to other, wonder around on streets having disturbing nights, behave inappropriate, seeing or hearing things there are not there, become very repetitive, neglected on hygiene or eating, become angry, upset or distressed through frustration. In these cases a person is not able to live alone, will need supervision and assistance becoming a risk for him/her and others. Severe dementia, the person became severely disable and need total care and supervision. Memory is very poor, they can’t remember things even for a minute, louse the ability to understand or speech, became totally incontinent, did not recognise friends or family, need assistance in all ADL’s, being very disturbed at night, restless and aggressive, having difficulty walking, having uncontrolled movements, in time immobility will became permanent. Most people with dementia suffer some memory loss. Depend of the type of dementia, level of their disability, background, there can be some difference. For example in Alzheimer’s disease difficulty in functioning are regular, in Vascular dementia they may have patchy in what they can and cannot do or have some damage in specific areas or functioning and none in others. In Lewy Body dementia, people will have fluctuation in their cognitive state, memory functions tend to be better preserved. They can also have more prominent visual and auditory hallucinations, paranoid and depression may be common. In Front temporal dementia, in early stages the memory remains intact but the personality and behaviour will change. They can behave inappropriately, lose inhibition, language problems. Some abilities remain; even many are lost as the disease progress. The person still keeps their senses of touch and hearing and their ability to respond to emotion. A person with dementia may not be able to communicate their wishes and needs; they may not be able to tell if they are in pain; because of this they will use their behaviour to communicate. The behaviour of a person with dementia is a big challenge for carers. It will not always be clear what the person is trying to tell, it is up to the carer to try and find out what the person needs. Because a person with dementia is forgetful, confuse, became frighten not knowing where he/she is, not recognise the people, surroundings, he/she can show challenging behaviour. They can become aggressive, they can hurt themselves or others, shouting, wondering and usually trying to go out. Their personality can change and it is frustrating for family who know their beloved, a nice, calm person can become totally different. Although some symptoms are common to many people with dementia, each person’s experience with the disease will be different. Dementia it is a disability; a person with dementia will need someone to be with them all the time to meet their needs, to protect them for becoming a risk for them and others. 12. Outline the impact that the attitudes and behaviours of others may have on an individual with dementia Because behaviour, in my opinion, is the most challenging when caring for a person with dementia, carer has to be well informed about their client. Attitudes and behaviour of others may have a big impact in evolution of the disease. The behaviours shown by people with dementia happen for a reason The person with dementia’s behaviour may be related to something in their past life, a job or a role such as being mother or father. They may be trying to tell you that they are lonely and miss their family. Or they could be telling you that they want to feel useful. Provided person centred care is of the outmost importance, therefore is essential to have prior knowledge of the client’s past for example hobbies, family structure. A well structured plan of care for staff to follow is  essential, to treat the client as a human being is crucial and not as someone with dementia. Many people with dementia have a fragile sense of self-worth; it’s especially important that people continue to treat them with courtesy, however advanced their dementia. A surrounding can influence person behaviour; a person with dementia can show bad behaviour just because he is trying to tell you something about their environment. It can be a noisy room, a cold room, they does not know where they are. The client with dementia should be safeguarded and protected from the conflictual situation, noisy environment, pain or unpleasant experiences which may trigger a challenging behaviour. The attitude of the people around, the way they speak or behave may influence the mood of someone with dementia. It is best to stay calm, provide reassurance and distract the person attention to something pleasant for him. The carers and family must understand that the person’s behaviour is not something he can control, or something he means it. Understanding, tolerance, encouragement and kindness while preserving the dignity of the person is the best way to cope while carrying for a client with dementia. It’s very important that people with dementia are treated with respect, to remember that a person with dementia is a unique and valuable human being, despite their illness.

Theme of Evil in Macbeth

English – Macbeth – Evil – Homework Essay – â€Å"In Macbeth, Shakespeare presents us with a powerful vision on evil†. Write your response to the above statement. Textual support may include reference to a particular performance of the play you have seen. I believe the theme of this play to be the vision on evil. It is a very powerful theme; it makes the play both interesting and memorable. There is an evil presence throughout the play; this is evident from the very first scene where we encounter the three witches. Fundamentally, there are two types of evil visible in Shakespeare’s play of Macbeth. The evil which we see, the violent acts, the violent imagery, then there is a sense of evil within the characters themselves, and the three witches, as they are considered evil beings. All of these elements combine to establish an overall atmosphere of evil. Evil characters like Lady Macbeth I think the strongest vision of evil in this play is demonstrated by the witches. The witches themselves are a symbol of evil, never mind their actual doings. They are supernatural and automatically feared. They like to play cruel tricks, mislead people. Their cruel actions always cause a cruel and bleak outcome for their victim. We see examples of this in the very first scene, when they discuss how they tortured a sailor by depriving him of sleep and tossing his ship into a tempestuous storm. They enjoy barbaric acts like severing a man’s thumb and keeping it as a trophy. In my opinion it’s very meaningful that the witches are the first people we met, the set the tone of the play. The significance of this is huge; it shows the prevalence of the theme of evil. Early on, we realise that the witches have a great deal of power over events and propensity to convince a malleable mind. Their goal is not to help Macbeth gain all the glory and power which it is his ambition to achieve but to convince him that this is their aim but rather lead him to his death! They receive satisfaction in the false sense of security and hope their prophecies have given Macbeth. I think the witches have set their sights on misleading Macbeth the whole way until his death, they pray on his sense of ambition and use this to start the fire which engulfs all and ends with Macbeth’s death. Lady Macbeth has another important role in this play, to expand on the theme of evil and carry it further through the play. I think she, like the witches enjoys in the pursuit of evil just for the sake of it. She taunts and blackmails her husband into committing unthinkable crimes for the sake of it. Lady Macbeth is an appalling woman, from the moment we met her we see her just ready to empty her wickedness upon any poor sucker that comes along, unlucky for Macbeth he happens to be her victim. She is a like a spider she catches him in her web and wraps him up and engrosses him in all her evil. Her true essence comes into play when she calls upon the evil spirits to take away her femininity, to take away her weaknesses and pity, â€Å"come, you spirits, that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty†. When Macbeth refuses to be part of the act, he decides to not kill Duncan, this infuriates Lady Macbeth. She begins to try and guilt Macbeth into committing the crime. She uses violent bloody imagery to guilt him into doing it. She is very manipulative; this shows us how ruthless Lady Macbeth is. Macbeth ends up changing his mind. While the three witches and Lady Macbeth are seen as the main forms of evil in the play, we must not overlook Macbeth himself. We cannot tell if he is truly an evil human being or if he just carries out evil acts. After all, he is the one who carries out Duncan’s brutal murder. He is the one who ordered for the killing of Banquo and Fleance (who escapes). He is the one who employs three murders to kill Macduffs wife and kids. Is this because he is evil? Or is it because of the push Lady Macbeth gave him which led him to spiral out of control and with the confidence he received from the witches. The brutal slaughter of Duncan was his first step into the bloodbath from which he finds impossible to return from. The violent bloody imagery used throughout the play also portrays a sense of evil. The evil in the play is presented very well through pathetic fallacy. In most occasions in the play, when a murder was committed or when we came upon the witches, the weather would reflect the actions or the tension in the play. Also, how the animals reacted after Duncan’s death, they all went wild and ate each other. I think this draws a very good image, and links everything in with the particular act. These unnatural acts mirror the evil in reality. In my opinion this overall intensifies the play and makes you become engrossed in the play. Overall, Shakespeare’s Macbeth, is full of images of evil, cruelty, suffering and death. It is images like the amputated thumb, the horses eating each other of the brutality of the murders. There are also many references to the devil, hell and violence. The characters, their actions and moods all combine to make a very powerful vision of evil within the play. While we see that evil does not go unpunished, the final victory does not look like much compared to the amount of evil which has been seen through this play, the amount of lives lost and how it has affected the people left behind, even though law and order is finally restored. It is prevalent that the main theme in this play is the theme of evil.

Mr. Ajinkya Deshmukh

In 1990, Buick advertised extensively that a survey of over 26, 000 new-car buyers had revealed that Buick was the only American car line ranked in the top 10 in initial quality based on owner reported problems during the first 90 days. Buick featured in its ads, a list of the top-10 automobiles in the survey, in which it was ranked fifth: behind Lexus, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, and Infiniti and ahead of Honda, Nissan, Acura, BMW, and Mazda. All nine of these other car lines are Japanese or German. In his nationally syndicated column, â€Å"High Five Is Goodbye Wave, Not the Symbol of Quality,† August 23, 1990, columnist George Will somewhat berated Buick for bragging about only being fifth. He stated that the â€Å"We’re Number One† boasts of wining college football players and their fans may be â€Å"mistaken, and the passion may be disproportionate to the achievement, but at least it is better than chanting ‘We’re Number Five. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Mr. Will noted that such ads imply, â€Å"Don’t expect us to measure up to the big boys – the ones overseas. † He wanted Americans to become â€Å"impatient and censorious about lax standards (We’re Number 5) that are producing pandemic shoddiness in everything rom cars to art to second graders’ homework. † Mr. Will ended his column: â€Å"Americans would feel better, and might be more inclined to buy Buick, if they saw an ad reprinting the list above, but with a text that says: ‘Fifth place is not nearly good enough for Americans to brag about. And until we do better, we apologize! †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Mr. Will may well have been correct that many U. S. firms were not producing products up to the quality standards of many foreign firms. We want to point out, however, that his criticism of Buick’s boast of being number five as indicative of shoddy American quality may not have been quite valid. In fact, it may be great to be â€Å"Number Five†.

A critical review on a perspective of globalization Essay

A critical review on a perspective of globalization - Essay Example Nox made at least three key points in the article. Firstly, Nox argued that the booming economies of India and China lifted millions of people from poverty and enumerated data on how economic boom improved the lives of many. Secondly, Nox refuted the view that rich countries have employed protectionism as they destroy the trade barriers of the developing countries. Thirdly, the author pointed out that with the globalisation, multinational corporations â€Å"spread wealth, work, technologies that raised living standards.† Nox also raised several other points but they do not seem directly relevant to the central question of whether globalisation is good or bad for a country. As a concluding statement, Nox argued that â€Å"if globalisation has not adequately worked, it is because there has not been enough of it or countries resisted it.† Let us assess Nox’s article. 2.0. Critique The main strength of the Nox article is that it stood on the correct foot with regard to globalisation. However, Nox’s article has several weaknesses. Some of the weaknesses arose because the Nox article is too short to elaborate on many of the specifics of globalisation. Nevertheless, the fundamental shortcoming of Nox’s work is that it failed to objectively assess based on theory the overall impact of globalisation on the economy and society. At the outset, however, let us categorically identify a very fundamental weakness of the Nox’s article: the work of Nox is a plagiarised work. At least three sentences of the Chew Nox article are word-for-word copies of sentences in two other articles, each of which was written by authors other than Nox. The sentence, â€Å"World poverty and income inequality fell over the past two decades, for the first time in more than a century and a half, thanks to globalisation- the rising density of economic integration across national borders,† for instance, can be found in Wade (2004). Two sentences were li fted word-for-word from the online article of Meredith and Suzanne (2007): â€Å"The booming economies of India and China - the Elephant and the Dragon - have lifted 200 million people out of abject poverty in the 1990s as globalisation took off. Tens of millions have catapulted themselves far ahead into the middle class.† It is highly likely that other portions of the Nox article were also plagiarised. However, the three sentences quoted earlier already provide adequate evidence of plagiarism. Thus, we need not find out if the other sentences of the Nox article were also plagiarised. The data provided suffice to make us conclude that the Nox article is a plagiarised work. Going into the content, we find several other weaknesses of the Nox article. Firstly, Nox concluded that globalisation has its bad and good sides but Nox did not really identify the bad or negatives sides of globalisation. Some of the bad or negative sides of globalisation actually pertain to the employment effects of globalisation. It is a fundamental view in business economics that, assuming there is no intervention from government, trade moves societies into an economic structure in which production and trade become founded on the country’s comparative advantage. In other words, there will be sectors in society that will human and non-human resources in society that will become unemployed as domestic production and international trade are restructured along society’

Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Assignment 3 - Essay Example so one of the poorest states because almost 70% of its residents live on less than $2 per day (Lee 2).The Indian patent law draft, implemented in 2005 fully complies with standards of organizations such as TRIPS and WTO (Lee 2). The essay will shed more light on the Novartis AG’s patent issue with the Indian regime, whether drug companies should have multiple patents and if the court’s ruling was called for. In 2006, cancer patients, lawyers and non-governmental organizations convened at the Novartis offices in India, hailing the court’s move of rejecting Novartis’ case where the company had sued Indian patent offices for declining its application to manufacture Glivec drugs (Lee 6). This is because according to health official, by granting Novartis a patent, the drug would become expensive for many people not only in India but also in the entire world. Novartis’ move was not only an appeal against Indian patent offices but also aimed at TRIPS who according to Novartis have an incompatible and unconstitutional section 3(d), a statement that the high court refuted vehemently (Basheer & Reddy 5). Section 3(d), which according to the patents Act states that new substances ought to show greater efficacy to be patentable (Basheer & Reddy 5). Novartis on its part argues that the section be redrafted because some words such as â€Å"efficacy† are too general and ent ail clear definition for better understanding (Basheer & Reddy 5). According to researches so far conducted, Glivec is one of the best drugs ever manufactured by Novartis. Its main role is to treat Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), a disease known to affect approximately 5,000 people in the United States annually (Lee 18). The drug works much better compared to others because it not only dissolves faster but also targets cancer proteins besides being ten times faster and effective (Lee 18). In 1993, Novartis applied for patents in many states globally but not in India because the nation’s 1970 Act

Pets and health and lifestyle Speech or Presentation

Pets and health and lifestyle - Speech or Presentation Example The social impact of pet ownership will first be discussed followed by its positive effects on the physical and mental health of an individual. Pets form an underlying reason for social interaction between people. Thus they tend to make an individual socially active. For example when people take their dogs for a walk, they tend to stop and talk to other dog owners. This leads to social contact and helps a person to become active. Such interactions are also a common sight at pet shops or at veterinary clinics. Another important aspect linked with animals that enhances social skills is the fact that people find it easier to interact and talk to people who are walking with their pets. This is because it is a common notion that people who own pets are nice and caring (Fetters 2014, Robinson and Segal 2014). Physical activity is another benefit linked with owning pets and this improves the physical health of an individual. Pets require attention and no matter whether the pet is a dog or a parrot, a person has to perform some activity for them. This prevents a person from total physical inactivity. An added benefit is for the people who take their animals like cats and dogs for walks. A study has revealed that people who take their dogs for walks have a lesser probability of gaining excessive weight in comparison to the normal population (Fetters 2014). Pets have a significant role in stress reduction and in preventing anxiety and thus they are important in maintaining good psychological health as well. Being alone makes an individual depressed and thus the partnership of an animal keeps a person busy and prevents depression. Not only this, people who stay isolated from others seek comfort by staying with their pets. It has been suggested that spending time with pets and playing with them helps to relieve stress by altering the hormone levels in the body and making an individual energetic (Fetters 2014). To sum up, it can be understood that

Sinusitis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sinusitis - Essay Example Thus, there is the abnormal production of B and T cells, and IgG deficiency is triggered by a defect of B cells. IgG deficiency can occur in two forms that are selective and specific. In most cases, the B cells are low in selective antibody deficiency. Likewise, the T cells are also inadequate. The T cells help in B cell immunoglobulin synthesis. Thus, selective IgG deficiency is accompanied by isolated IgG deficiency with normal levels of IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. In specific IgG deficiency, there is evidence of inadequate levels of other immunoglobulin isotypes. Both types of IgG deficiency result to respiratory infections. For instance sinus, ear, pneumonia, and bronchitis infections. In this case the patient is diagnosed with a combined T and B cell immunodeficiency (Lang, 2009. This individual is suffering from IgG2 due to the developing illnesses sinus (Porth, 2011). In addition, the antibodies against polysaccharide antigens and carbohydrates belong to IgG2 category. On the othe r hand, antibodies against protein antigens are categorized in IgG1 and IgG3 groups. The IgG immunoglobulins are categorized in four groups founded on the function and structure. It is classified from IgG1 to IgG4. In most cases, about 70% fit in the IgG1 and 20% belong to IgG2 groups. Antibodies that are opposed to protein antigens fit in IgG1 and IgG3 groups. There is another class of antibodies that are opposed to polysaccharide and carbohydrates antigens that belong to IgG2 group. Patients with IgG2 deficiency are at high risk of suffering from pneumonia, otitis media, and sinusitis. These illnesses are triggered by microorganisms known as polysaccharide-encapsulated. The microorganisms include N. meningitides, H. influenza type b, and pneumonia. In some cases, the patients are healthy, and others are asymptomatic in presence of the IgG

Questions on International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Questions on International Marketing - Essay Example Again, remember to support your answer. (25 marks) 3. Analyse the extent that you believe Country of origin effect (COO) influences consumer perception of your chosen global brand. Justify your answer. (20 marks) A maximum of 5 marks are awarded for presentation - (5 marks) Overview of Standardization and Adaptation in Marketing Mix Marketing mix, as defined by Jain (2009), refers to the combination of the product, the distribution system, the price structure and the promotional activities. The author (Jain, 2004), has further been of the opinion that it is a term that is used to denote a specific combination of marketing variables that are controllable by an enterprise and that are used to appeal a particular market segment. Both Marketing standardization and marketing adaptation of the marketing mix encompass opposite characteristics. Marketing standardization has been defined as â€Å"the offering of identical product lines at identical prices, through identical distribution syst ems, supported by identical promotional programs, in several countries (Buzzell, 1968). On the other hand, marketing adaptation or localization has been identified as having marketing mix satisfying specific needs of the local market (Alimiene and Kuvykaite, 2008:36). Internationalization has necessitated either to strategically implement standardized marketing mix or adaptation marketing mix. The concept of foreign markets and the subsequent removal of trade and custom barriers along with the aid of technological advancements, various companies were required to decide whether they would use standardized or uniform marketing mix strategic in all current and potential countries or they would adapt to and pursue and implement different marketing mix strategy. With the presence of these two options, Toyota was also required to determine a particular marketing mix strategy or a combination of both strategies. Toyota Background Toyota is one of the foremost automobile firms in the world. It has been operational for more than 75 years and has expanded base all over the world. One of the first car makers to come up with world class cars from the Japanese stable, the organization has indeed created a name for itself all over the world. With increasing sales slowly spreading to all over the world, production facilities also disseminated to other parts of the world. Gradually, the company has grown to become one of the largest multinational companies the world over. With production as well as assembling plants in US, UK, China and France, and present in over 170 nations, the Japanese company has come a long way in making a name and sizeable market share for itself. Over the years the company has launched one great car after another and above all the company is guided by sustainable development for its present as well as future course of actions (Toyota website, 2012). So far as their global presence is concerned, in order to make their ventures profitable, they operate from 27 countries and have 50 manufacturing companies working together to make Toyota what it is (Toyota, 2012). They have R&D facilities in key markets such as USA, Japan, China, Australia and Europe. Japan being their headquarters has extensive production sites and dealer networks. Toyota’s Global Presence Courtesy: Toyota-global.com Discussion Toyota has a pursued a combination

Human Resource Management Training Proposal Research Paper

Human Resource Management Training Proposal - Research Paper Example It can enable to address the employees’ requirements in keeping with the organizational goals and objectives. The proposed training program can facilitate to enhance the level of motivation of employees as well owing to the fact that they can better equip themselves to the expected level of performance from them after the execution of the training program. Overview of the Human Resource Management Process and Steps Involved Human Resource Management (HRM) is gaining its importance in the healthcare sector. Proper human resource management is a critical aspect which helps in providing high quality healthcare. Human resource planning is important for determining the staff support required by the healthcare to meet the service seekers’ needs. Human resource planning is the process of identifying current and future needs of human beings in an organization. The steps involved in the planning of human resource involve review of the business goals which deals with understandin g the needs and the future objective of the business. The second step is the scanning of both the internal and external environment to determine the trend of the employees, policies implemented along with evaluating the culture and activities within the healthcare company. The third step is gap analysis which facilitates to determine the future needs and explores the possible shortfalls. Subsequently, development of the plans considering the budgets and priorities based on need of the healthcare company would be executed. The last step is to evaluate the performance by measuring the achievement of the goals, evaluating the progress of the strategies implemented along with the reports. The steps of the proposed human resource planning are depicted through the diagram below: Source: (New Foundland Labrador, n.d.) The planning process will be effective when the recruitment process is smooth and effective. To make the process of hiring, retention well-organized and to ensure consistency in the process of recruitment along with selection various steps are to be followed to make the progression efficient. The first step is to identify the vacancy and to evaluate the need. The human resource management training need to ensure that there is a proper alignment of the skills of the new employees with the organizational requirements. The second step is job description which is important for the successful recruitment process. The job description helps in forming the questions for the interview along with the relevant checks which are to be developed. The information about the work, the purpose and the responsibility will be discussed to recruit the right person. The third step is to develop the recruitment plan which deals with the posting period, goals of the placement, along with placing advertisement through print and social media. The recruitment plan is basically done to attract good qualified candidates for the job purpose in the healthcare company. The fourth step involves selection of the search committee who will be responsible for the recruitment. The committee includes the hiring manager, job specialist and other members. The fifth step is to implement the recruitment plan and then sixth step is to review the applicants and shortlist the candidates according to the health care company’s available vacancy. The next step is the important part which is the interviewing process for the selection purpose. Before the interview is to

Segmentation and Consumer and business buying behavior Coursework

Segmentation and Consumer and business buying behavior - Coursework Example Furthermore, these children have an access to computers and the internet, and on this basis, they can download these games from the site of the company. Some schools also have a curriculum that aim at teaching students some computer programs, and this includes computer games. These schools are also a target, mainly because the games under consideration can also be used to teach students on how to operate computer software. One of the consumer products that was specifically targeted to me is Nokia Lumia. This phone is developed through the android technology, and contains social networking sites such as twitter and face book. On this basis, this phone had the capability of satisfying my needs, mainly because I use phones to access the social network sites and the internet. The segmentation strategy used in marketing this product is behavioral. This is because Nokia realized that most people love surfing the internet using mobile phones, hence coming up with a phone that contains social media and with the capability of surfing the internet (Aaker, 16). Another consumer product that was tailored for my need is a designer watch, manufactured by RGM. This watch was designed in a manner that it reflected the current popular fashion, as it was golden in nature, and very attractive to look at. The segmentation strategy used to market this product is the psycho-demographic segmentation. This segmentation process focuses on culture while developing the marketing

Becoming Gendered Essay Example for Free

Becoming Gendered Essay Davies argues that the sex role socialization theory does not adequately explain how we understand and become man and woman (p282). She concedes that the social structure with which man is entrenched; influence the conception of gender but the individual is as much a part of that process as the social environment. Davies says that man is an agent in his/her gendered identity, we choose to be masculine or feminine in the context of our social realities and that it is not tied to biology. In the movie Sabrina (1995), after being sent to Paris and transformed into a sophisticated woman of the world, David became enamored with her. David responded to her charms when she became feminine and did not notice her when she was boyish and ugly. Sabrina was masculine because she did not have a female figure to emulate, but within the same environment she was able to recognize the attraction she felt for the opposite sex and although it was depicted as a coming of age realization, socialization does not fully demonstrate the shift in gender roles (Rakow, 1986; 12). Davies was correct when she said that the individual is an active and engaged participant in becoming gendered (p284), Sabrina may have become feminine in her ways, but she was independent, headstrong and speaks her mind, all of which are masculine traits which she had imbibed while she was growing up. Davies (p289) suggested that we become gendered because it is what society expects, Sabrina has to be feminine because she was female and the world responds to that reality based on their conception of what is feminine and masculine. References Pollack, S. (Director). (1995, December 15). Sabrina, Constellation Entertainment. Davies, B. (2001). Becoming male or female. In S. Jackson S. Scott (Eds.), Gender (pp. 280-290). London: Routledge . Rakow, L. (1986) Rethinking Gender Research in Communication, Journal of Communication, Volume 36, No. 4, pp.11-26.

Keeping school safe Essay Example for Free

Keeping school safe Essay Keeping the Same School Schedule Everything in life is a chain reaction. An event happen because of a certain event. The New york City Department of Education want to change the schedule of the school. Instead of having 8 hours of school we student would be having an extra 2 to 3 hours of school. The positive part is having a friday as a weekend but this plan is not a 100% plan proof because we cant tell the future of all the good and bad that will happen because of this event. Although we can predict the event with the evidence that is there. Why change something that is plan proof?We live using this schedule for decades. Why change that now? If we change the schedule of the school day, students would travel late makes it the most critical problem to having the schedules change. Traveling late leads to traveling in the dangers darkness.As students it would be harder to see so it makesit harder for us students to watch our waysand watch where are we stepping In some case people are too lazy to pick up and clean their dog poop and we the accidental steppin it.In this case your child will come home with a dirty smelly shoe everyday.In another case murderers would camouflage them self.this way they are ready to attack a child while the child will be the victims without knowing. This child could be yours . Statistics show 414 homicides happen in New york city in 2012.If you think youre safe just because the average of homicides decreased by 20% from 2011,then your wrong.According to New York Times we are the third largest homicide city out of the selected 6 cities. This is not good because your child could be the next victim.The younger ones are more vulnerable. Your child could be the next victims and you woud be weeping for your child to come back in to your arm but hopes are lost.Also school time occur throughout winter and fall.These season are the coldest seasons.So student will get sick more easily because we taveling at night time which is more colder.It more worst for student who hve the school near a bay,river or oceanic land mass.Also imagine your child coming home freezing to death with froz bite. This lead to student be absent more and having medical notes increasing.with the amount of increasing medical notes the child will be missing out on at least twice as much as we are learn because of the longer  day(which equal to more information learned). We will face hunger as another of our big problems. Hunger lead to giant gap of opportunities to eat since the earliest lunch period is third which we call breakfast but some calls it b ranch. Already students are complaining about the lack of food they eat and being hungry all the time in school just because they dont want to eat the nasty and grossing school lunch food. This is a problem because student will be missing out on nutritional value. Missing out on nutritional value leads to malnutrition. Not only student are hungry teacher are human being too. Teacher will get cranky if the dont eat .They will most likely intend to eat in class. This makes student more hungry and can make some students cranky too.As for the elementary school kids like kindergraten and first grades will nagg and win to get food from the teachers.Some student may be violent and will fight for food.This is the idea of Surival of the fittest created by Charles Darwin. Lasty imagine a chid passing out in class due to lack of food being eaten.Also you child would not learn anything because the will fall a sleep in class and will not focus because they are too weak too put their mind to work.In addiction to that when human are hungry we will get sleepy to replace the hungerness because your bodyis too weak and will shut down to save energy. All in total of these factor lead to the the stress level on children increases.Which make adults nervous.The factors increase stress level is overload in work due to the extra classes or longer period of class because of more lessons being done in class.This lead to less work time at night and more homework.Which lead to to lack of sleep.This lead to children unable to pay attention because they are sleepy and will fall asleep in class.If the student dont sleep the student will pass out and go into a coma.Also college resume would not look good without after school activities which we student dont have time for. This will have an increasing amount of children have panic attack and nervous breakdown and high school students unable to continue to a go college and get scholarship. In conclusion,all the possibilities will happen just because of this change will happen.There will be other negative unknown happening coming along the way. LIke without after school activities the obesity level will increase.obesity Is one of Americas biggest concern.It one of the top concern in New york City.Along with the stress level on childrens increases which leads.This will have an increasing amount of children have panic attack and nervous breakdown. Also facing hunger will be a large problem because we are starving our children of the future. and Traveling late leads to traveling in the dangers darkness lead â€Å"accidents†.

Comparison of Responses to Immigrants: France and UK

Comparison of Responses to Immigrants: France and UK A comparison/contrast between social security benefits available to immigrants coming to live in France and immigrants coming to live in the United Kingdom. In the first instance, it is important to point-out that social security benefits available to citizens and residents of France and the United Kingdom are already widely different. The taxes paid by ordinary citizens in France are on average 20% higher than those paid by residents of the United Kingdom, and the government therefore takes charge of a broader range of social security benefits such as, for example, in health care; glasses and contact lenses are reimbursed 100% in France, unlike in the United Kingdom. It is therefore not surprising that immigrants arriving in France are given a wider range of social security benefits than those arriving in the United Kingdom. This said, the range of social security benefits available are similar in both countries, if varying in quality. They include; health-care, education, to use public services such as police and emergency services, pensions, redundancy pay, job seeker’s allowance and working tax credits. The right to belong to a workers union, a political party and to an efficient public transport system are also rights but do not necessarily fall under the social security benefits category in the sense we will be exploring here. By law, these are inalienable rights, that can also be called human rights, that all residents and citizens of European countries are entitled to, whatever their race, religion or country of origin. Immigrants however, who in many cases are not citizens, residents, or sometimes even in a country legally, are in an uncertain position when it comes to social security benefits which is worth analysing to understand it’s full complexity. France and the United Kingdom have varying attitudes when it comes to immigration, and this has influenced the way in which their respective governments allocate social security benefits. France, for example, is famous among immigrant populations for it’s lenience towards immigrants and general openness to the arrival of new populations and ethnic groups. This transpires in their social security benefit allocation; newly arrived immigrants on any part of the French territory are entitled by law to the same benefits as any other French citizen if they are registered as residing in France, have a ‘carte de sà ©jour’ and are not illegal immigrants. This question of illegality is one we shall explore further, but it is worth mentioning now as without legal status, social security benefits are out of the question on both countries. Children of immigrants have a right to be educated in French schools and must, by law, be registered at a school in their area as soon as they arrive if they are under the age of sixteen. Children of immigrants, in this respect, are more protected under the French system than their parents, and their rights to social security benefits are more easily applicable. If an immigrant is declared as temporarily residing in France for work, and is under contract to a foreign company (the situation changes if it is a French company), the worker must by law be covered by the social security benefits of their employer and are therefore not entitled to French social security benefits. This is however a very specific restriction and is not applicable to immigrants brought from their countries to work for French companies, who are responsible for the welfare of their workforce. France is also more subject than the United Kingdom to European rules and regulation regarding immigration, although such a sensitive subject is still, until further notice, under the principal control of the specific country’s government. Contrastingly, the United Kingdom’s attitude to the rights of arriving immigrants to social security benefits is rather different. Firstly, it is important to point out that the United Kingdom is a far smaller country than France, territory speaking, which puts higher pressure on its housing and services infrastructures and industries when high concentrations of immigrants arrive. Also, the onus for finding work and justifying their reason for being in the United Kingdom rests entirely on the immigrants, with far less help from the government available than in France. Also, where the rights of the individual are concerned, it can take up to seven year for any one person already living in the United Kingdom to be granted residency or nationality, which limits the right to vote of newly arrived immigrants both in national and local elections. Without being a ‘resident’ in the United Kingdom it is harder to find a job, somewhere to live, and subsequently apply for al l kinds of benefits. In a broad sense, it is possible that because it is harder to get into the United Kingdom and obtain English nationality, immigrants have a harder time claiming benefits which legally are theirs for the asking. Perhaps what we can take away from this is that the benefits themselves are not necessarily vastly different, but that the ease with which they can be obtained varies widely. Income support benefits for immigrants are in stark contrast when allocated in both the United Kingdom and France. Firstly, it is important to note that in France the ‘allocation chaumage’, which is equivalent to the Jobseeker’s allowance, is substantially higher than in the United Kingdom and continues to rise every year. Immigrants are entitled to it once their residency papers are in order and they have signed-up at their local job centre, but because it is often less profitable to work than to remain on the allowance, there is little incentive for them to actively look for work in France. In the United Kingdom, laws have been in place for some time to prevent this from happening; the job seeker’s allowance is only given if the applicant can prove her is she is actively looking for work. If they turn down more than a certain number of job offers, the allowance can be removed, providing an additional incentive. France has recently passed several laws in t he Assemblà ©e Nationale to remedy this, and it is hoped it will help reduce the number of immigrant on jobseeker’s allowance, reducing overall the cost of immigration to the State. Asylum seeking and refugee status is an area where benefits available to immigrants in both France and the UK are comparable. The Migration Watch UK website defines asylum status as: ‘appeals to the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal against decisions of the UK Border Agency which are adverse to the applicant.’[1] Both countries follow European guidelines when it comes to sheltering political refugees, England judges being particularly sensitive at the moment to escapees from Mugabe’s oppressive regime in Zimbabwe, and France a historical ally of the Dalai Lama and therefore home to many exiled Tibetan monks. That said, a recent controversial declaration by a senior government official regarding lawyer so ‘so called’ asylum seeker were abusing the human rights system simply to provide social security benefits for illegal immigrants. There are similar cases in France but they are significantly less high-profile. Finally, it is important to state that, both for the United Kingdom and for France, an illegal immigrant with no identification, or national insurance number will be able to access very few social security benefits. There are organisations in both countries which are there to provide help such as food, shelter and legal aid to those in the direst poverty, but their ability to assist is limited. The credit crisis will undoubtedly render the situation of illegal immigrants even harder in both countries, making them even less likely to have access to our social security benefits. This is evident through news headlines in the recent months, such as this one from The Times; ‘Immigration to be cut as unemployment soars.’[2] Yes, immigrants come to Europe to profit from the social security benefits, but it is also the arrival of new immigrants in both France and the United Kingdom which will enable us to pay for our social security in the future. Indeed, one of the biggest comparisons between the French and English social security systems is that they are both in deficit. There is in fact not enough money to go around as the populations of both countries age, then retire, and no longer make contributions to the tax system but in fact use our tax money to draw their pensions. Young immigrants coming to work will be taxed on their earnings and help to pay a substantial part of the social security benefits. This is why, in both France and the United Kingdom, there have been motions for mass legalisation of illegal immigrants so that they become a taxable work-force. Neither country, it must be said, has the resources to control and expulse all illegal immigrants, so making them tax-payers and enabling them to apply for social security benefits seems like the best solution. Bibliography Ditch, John. Introduction to Social Security: Policies, Benefits, and Poverty (London, Routledge, 1999) Rachel Sylvester, Richard Ford, and Alice Thomson. ‘Immigration to be cut as unemployment soars’. The Times, 18th October 2008. The Concise Oxford French Dictionary, ed. by Abel Chevally (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1934) â€Å"UK benefits system linked to immigrant workers says report† http://news.migrationwatch.org.uk/2008/01/uk-benefits-sys.html (22nd November 2008) Vatz Laaroussi, Michà ¨le. Le familial au coeur de limmigration: les stratà ©gies de citoyennetà © des familles immigrantes au Quà ©bec et en France (Paris: LHarmattan, 2001). â€Å"30 ans de maà ®trise des flux migratoires; la politique d’immigration (1974 2005)† http://www.vie-publique.fr/politiques-publiques/politique-immigration/index/ (22nd November 2008) 1 [1] â€Å"UK benefits system linked to immigrant workers says report† http://news.migrationwatch.org.uk/2008/01/uk-benefits-sys.html (22nd November 2008) [2] Rachel Sylvester, Richard Ford, and Alice Thomson. ‘Immigration to be cut as unemployment soars’. The Times, 18th October 2008.

The U.S. Constitution: Checks & Balances Essay examples -- US Governm

The U.S. Constitution is the foundation of American governance. Since its creation in 1878, the Constitution remains as the foundation of governance for the Republic and stands as the oldest living Constitution in the world. To prevent a tyranny of the majority will – or of one part of governance – it became necessary to ensure the several branches of government remained separate. To ensure that one of these branches did not trump the other branches, the Founders crafted – within the Constitution – a set of checks and balances. Separating powers, with checks and balances, made the U.S. government unique when it emerged in 1787. The Constitution describes a system of checks and balances and sets up a separation of powers. The Constitution separates the three branches of governance through the first three articles. Article I applies to the Legislative Branch of government, Article II refers to the Executive Branch of government, and Article III concerns the Judicial Branch of government (Unit 1A, 14). The Constitution enumerates the duties and responsibilities of the respective branches of government in the relevant Constitutional articles. Article I states, â€Å"All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States† (Constitution, Article I Section 1). This separates the legislative power from the other two branches as Congress – alone – holds all legislative powers. Article II states, â€Å"The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America† (Constitution, Article II Section 1). Thus, the Executive branch – previously denied legislative powers – finds itself vested with the executive po wer exclusively. As â€Å"the† is a definite article, only the Executive bran... ...he Supreme Court proved these points. After passing through the preceding paragraphs, it is clear the Constitution describes a system of checks and balances and sets up a separation of powers. References American Military University Faculty. Course Materials Unit 1A: The Foundations of American Government. https://online.apus.edu/educator/student/ [the rest of the URL is deleted as it contains information tied to my student ID number, etc. in the URL and this piece of html code presents a security risk] (accessed November 22, 2010). Mount, Steve. Constitutional Topic: Checks and Balances. USConstitution.net http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_cnb.html (accessed November 22, 2010). U.S. Constitution. http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html (accessed November 22, 2010).

The Deer :: essays research papers

It was the middle of summer in a small town called Harvey, in the city of Marquette, Michigan. The road (driveway) to my families cabin is really long it takes about a half-hour just to get to the cabin. Our camp is a very little, quaint, one bedroom in the middle of the woods. There is a creek the flows around our land, which is about 8 acres. About a half a mile away there is a rundown cabin that we call "Jack's house". My dad always said that there was an old man Jack, who lived there. He would tell us that Jack would watch us at night while we were asleep. Supposedly there was a rumor that he ate humans and animals for survival.He even told us that there were bears all surrounding us, but I never actually saw one. We usually go there on weekends during the summer for a vacation away from the city, but sometimes we end up staying longer. There isn't really much to do out there, so if we don't go to town, we go to Presque Isle Island near our camp. It is located in Marquette, Michigan, on Lake Superior, which is one of the coldest and biggest of the five Great Lakes. There are large rocks out there that we climb called Black Rocks. Besides the rocks there are a couple of parks with swings and slides, and a nature path that has a few site lookouts. It is so peaceful out there that all you can hear are the sounds of nature. As I pulled up in my car, I stopped and began to get out to go for a walk on the nature trail. As I looked up, I saw the deer. There was something about the way his helpless eyes gazed at me. I slowly started to approach him. It looked as if he had no hope for his life left. His hair was very thin but rough around his neck and legs. There was dried up blood above his left eye it seemed as if he were in a harmful fight with another deer recently. I slowly and calmly continued to walk towards him trying, as much as possible, not to frighten him in any way." It's ok, I won't hurt you. I want to try to help you live and be healthy." I said.As I got closer to him I could see felt covering two bumps on the top of his head.

Fossil Gaps Essay examples -- Geology Evolution Essays Biology

Fossil Gaps â€Å"The study of fossils provides strong evidence for evolution.† (Campbell, 260) Or does it? The fact is that the fossil record is a silent testimony against Darwin’s erroneous theories of the fossil record documenting his idea of macroevolution. The book, Biology: Concepts and Connections (hereafter referred to as Biology), clearly agrees with the evolutionary outlook of â€Å"fossils [being] a rich source of evidence for evolution.† (Campbell, 260) However, this book, along with most evolutionists, avoids the substantial questions the fossil record actually represents. In the rock layers of the earth, scientists have found many fossils (preserved traces of plants and animals). According to evolutionary paleontologists (scientists studying fossil remains), the history of this world is recorded in the rocks that make up the earth’s crust and the fossils that they contain. Evolutionists claim that these rocks have been forming, wearing away, and reforming since the world began. (Halbach, 387) Although Biology often overlooks the criteria arguing against evolution, it still contains the gaps that the evolutionary theory possesses. Among these gaps are the arguments against the fossil record – circular reasoning, reversed geological columns, polystrate fossils, sediment accumulation, inconclusive physical evidence, and lack of transitional fossils. A scientist named Gliedman gives an excellent summary reflecting upon the latter dispute: â€Å"No fossil or other physical evidence directly connects man to ape.... The problem for gradualists [those who support gradual evolution or orthodox Darwinian evolution] is that... these ancestral species remain essentially unchanged throughout their ‘million-year life spans’, yet each of them differs substantially from its immediate predecessor.† (Glideman, 90-91) Biology holds the evolutionary view of older fossils deep in the strata are those of the primitive evolving organisms. The youngest rocks, which are on the topmost strata of the earth’s crust, are supposed to contain fossils of organisms which have more recently evolved – and therefore are similar to organisms alive today. Geologists and paleontologists have devised a geological time chart to show what they assume to be the evolutionary outline of the earth’s history. According to this time scale, the earth’s history can be divided into eras; each ... ...ry tales with facts. It is true that evolution has been mixed with science for the last thirty years, but that does not mean that it is the same as science – it is simply another scientific theory. Bibliography 1. Baker, Sylvia. Bone of Contention: Is Evolution true? USA: Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing Company, 1996. 2. Campbell, Neil A., Lawrence G. Mitchlell, and Jane B. Reece. Biology: Concepts and Connections, Third ed. Canada: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1994. 3. Darwin, Charles. The Origin of Species. New York: Princeton University Press, 1962. 4. Gliedman, John. â€Å"Mutations.† Science Digest. New York: Hafner, 1982. 5. Hakbach, John. Science: Order and Reality. USA: A Beka Book Publications, 1995. 6. McLean, G. S.; McLean, Larry; Oakland, Roger. The Bible Key to Understanding the Early Earth. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: Southwest Radio Church, 1987. 7. Morris, Henry M. Scientific Creationism. El Cajon, California: Master Books, April 1985. 8. Schuchert, Charles. A TextBook of Geology. London: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1995. 9. Stanley, Steven M. "Fossil." World Book Online. America’s Ed., Worldbookonline.com. Chicago: World Book, Inc., 2002.

Harshness of the time Essay

‘Of Mice and Men’ has been described as a novel about the harshness of the time. What justifications can you find for this? ‘Of Mice and Men’ is set in 1930’s America, an extremely prejudiced area of history. It is a time that criticises and excludes women, black people, disabled people and old people, deeming them useless within a utilitarian society. In the novel, Steinbeck represents the harsh prejudices, poverty and injustice with the life of itinerant workers, a microcosm of American society at this time. Firstly, the way in which Steinbeck describes the bunkhouse of the ranch immediately seems to suggest a harsh environment in which people are forced to live and work in: â€Å"†¦ the walls were whitewashed and the floor unpainted†¦ a solid door with a wooden latch†¦ † This description of the ranch suggests a purely utilitarian approach to life, showing a living area with no aesthetic appeal whatsoever. It shows no dignity towards the workers, and what’s more they don’t complain about its lack of appeal. This gives the impression that ranch workers live with no inspiration, seemingly being forced to live a life purely to survive it rather than enjoy it. The â€Å"door with a wooden latch† and general unloved atmosphere gives a prison-like sense to the bunkhouse, conveying a sense of loneliness and isolation. This lack of communication and friendship could be interpreted as an extremely harsh thing to deal with. In addition to this, the severe racism portrayed by Steinbeck through the character Crooks is just one example of the harsh prejudice that disadvantaged people face in this novel: â€Å"†¦ he [the boss] give the stable buck hell, too†¦ ya see the stable buck’s a nigger. † Crooks is constantly referred to as â€Å"a nigger†, and characters in the novel react to this as a completely normal comment to make, which we see when George reacts to this name with â€Å"Nigger, huh? â€Å". The fact that the ranch is racially segregated is quite surprising for numerous reasons. The novel is set in the West where racism was considered to be less intense, as well as the fact that Steinbeck conveys the ‘American dream’ as a theme in the novel, suggesting that anyone can make it in America and â€Å"live off the fatta the land†. However it is clear that black people are restricted from succeeding here and this irony merely emphasises the harshness of reality for black people during this period in time. In addition to this, the prejudices that women face present the times the novel is set in to be extremely harsh, often through Curley’s wife: â€Å"She put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward† The novel does not even dignify Curley’s wife with a name, as she is merely referred to as the wife of Curley or simply just â€Å"a tart†, which suggests that they live in a somewhat patriarchal society where women are seen as purely sex objects. This would suggest that women are not allowed to aspire to better things, and live their lives as commodities of men. Another problem that they face is the fact that the only power they can achieve is through their sexuality, but if they choose to expose this, they are criticised for being promiscuous, emphasising the harshness they have to cope with. Furthermore, Whit’s story of â€Å"Bill Tenner† who got his letter put into a magazine is one of great interest to the ranch-workers, especially Whit, which tells us something about their dreams and aspirations: â€Å"Bill Tenner? Worked here about three months ago†¦ That’s the guy! Here, Steinbeck portrays a certain excitement within Whit, which we see from the exclamation â€Å"That’s the guy! † and this has arisen purely from the fact that one man who he barely knew (as ranch-workers moved from place to place often) had accomplished something that he had dreamed of. This shows a huge lack of ambition among the workers, from the fact that the only excitement for these workers has come from a mere acquaintance of Whit’s name being printed in a â€Å"pulp magazine†, which was a piece of inexpensive fiction. This is not only quite pathetic, but also extremely saddening to see grown men become energised by something so seemingly trivial. Although people living in this time period and circumstances would not necessarily see this as harsh, looking at it from today’s perspective, in contrast it most definitely seems like an austere environment. In conclusion, the harsh living conditions, inhibitions and prejudices that the majority of the disadvantaged ranch-workers must live with have a clear correlation to the state of American society during The Great Depression of the 1930’s. Steinbeck seems to have created a character for each type of harshness that was experienced, for example, Curley’s wife corresponds to sexism, and Candy corresponds to old and disabled people, all of which creates an accurate impression of the harshness of the times that ‘Of Mice and Men’ is set in.

Red Brigade, Italian Terrorism

Red Brigade, Good Morning, Night, The Red Brigade emerged in 1968 in Italy, a time of social and political turbulence around the world. For the Red Brigades, their fight with the Italian state was the continuation of the fight that the Italian Left Wing Resistance waged against Nazi Fascism during the Second World War. Offspring of classic Marxist/Leninists, their fight was ideological, and they feared the resurgence of Fascism in Italy which they equated with the rise of Italian and European capitalism and its aging corporate leadership.Although they saw themselves as continuing the battle waged by their ancestor resistant fighters, to me, they seemed less interested in obtaining benefits for the workers they claimed to support, than in denouncing capitalism and demagoging their rigid view of a pure Marxism. The Red Brigade sought to create and deliver propaganda that would prepare students, workers, the proletariat, and masses for â€Å"violent and systematic opposition to the bou rgeois order. † (Christian Science Monitor, 1978).While the revolutionary predecessors of the Red Brigades, fought Nazism and Fascism to free Italy and Italians, Bellochio’ s movie Good Morning, Night presents a much starker and menacing Red Brigade that in 1968 lost its way as it lost its humanity according to Bellochio. Bellochio says that while ideas are fundamental to a democracy and that political debate and demonstration a virtue, the killing of a human being in the name of one’s ideals is lunacy, and reflects a lack of understanding of life, human reality, and of contemporary Italy.According to Bellochio the Red Brigades failure was the failure to recognize the complex choices in 1968 Italy, and their inability to change along with a changing Italy. The Red Brigade were ideologues, uncompromising in their world view of a pure class struggle, and they were committed to undermine any other political view in Italy. Their uncompromising view was effective in a ttracting young, ideological followers and assisted the Brigade in garnering their initial power, but ultimately it led to their undoing.For in their intransigence and unrelenting purist view of a creation of a proletariat uprising, they increasingly disassociated themselves from the reality of the lives of most Italians. Ultimately, and in particular with the killing of Aldo Moro, they alienated themselves from the very working people upon whose support their revolution of the masses was dependent. Marco Bellochio’s Good Morning, Night demonstrates the Red Brigade’s intransigence and naivete in describing them as â€Å"being very far from reality†.In the world view of Red Brigade’s founder Renato Curcio, the Brigade followed an ideology and a doctrine that advocated â€Å"armed violence against the capitalist state (Christian Science Monitor, March 17, 1978). The Red Brigade and their leadership were violent anti-capitalists, and they saw multinational corporations as monsters preparing to devour the world (Raufer). Curio viewed the Red Brigade as true Marxists and he sought to re-create a socialist state along the lines of what Lenin had created in the Soviet Union, and Mao had created in China through the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Raufer, page 319). But in a post Lenin and Mao world where millions of poor people had been instructed that poverty is not virtue and to get rich is noble, the Red Brigade’s dogma seemed well worn, particularly when it was communicated through a gun barrel, and resulted in the death of Aldo Moro, an admired leader. The Red Brigade viewed themselves as the evolution of inexorable historical and social forces, and that their ascendancy in Italy, and perhaps Europe was natural and inevitable.Curio believed that the Red Brigade would eventual become a key political force in Italy, and that the Brigade was destined through the natural evolution of the revolutionary forces begun by Lenin and Mao to lead a social, economic and political revolution in Italy. Curio believed fervently that this was his and the Red Brigade’s destiny. These beliefs about the destiny of Curio and the Red Brigade in my view are what Bellochio assailed in his movie and in his comments that politics is the art of understanding reality.Bellachio says that Curio’s naive misreading of the Italian people and of humanity is fundamentally what led to the failure of the Red Brigade and their ultimate dissolution. In their targeting of Aldo Moro, The Red Brigades sought to prevent a â€Å"historic compromise† between the Communist Party and the Christian Social Democratic Party which would have created an alliance allowing the Communists to become a legitimate political force in the Italian Government.Even though this compromise would have allowed the Communists to have a voice in Government, the Red Brigades feared that the Christian Democrats would control the Communists and in so doing constrain the uprising of the proletariat that Curio believed was its destiny. Curio believed that the pact between Moro’s Christian Democrats would â€Å"enslave the working class with the help of communist revisionists† (New York Times, 1978)In Good Morning, Night, Bellochio demonstrates the naivete of this belief, and ultimately the failure of this Red Brigades for they lost their ability to value human life. They believed that symbols were more important than people, and that there are no constraints on human behavior in social and political revolution. Bellochio believes, and demonstrates in Good Morning, Night that this is not so, and to de-humanize people in the name of revolution or any cause is a blindness that divorces the cause from real life and people, and therefore is doomed to fail.

Dance theory Essay

At the beginning of this dance class, I honestly thought it was going to be easy to get by for someone who really knows nothing about dance or anything related to it. Currently, knowing the techniques involved in different types of dance like the Dunham technique I would not say the same thing. It does get better with time because practice gradually makes perfect and every time you do a particular dance move, you get the chance to realize what you do wrong and keep it in mind for the next time you do that same move. Conditioning and training the body for dance is also one thing I have come to realize is essential to start off well especially when doing a variety of dance movements. This is because dance is like going up in different stages where the first one serves as a foundation for what is coming next. Even though I am still in the process of learning, I have quickly realized that dance is complex and there are many components like breathing, body alignment, and control involved to make every dance step better. So far, some of the dances I have learned include traditional dances like Kpalogo, which is a West-African dance originated from the fishermen of Ghana, Rocking Horse which is just as the name implies. It is an African warrior dance in which your hands are raised about chest level to sort of indicate your shield and one leg is raised as high as possible while the other leg stays grounded before you swing forward and alternate hands. This dance in particular requires â€Å"groundedness†. It is fierce and you need to have correct body alignment and ensure you are controlling your breath because using an appropriate breathing technique is a necessity if you do not want to wear yourself out before completing the dance routine. Proper breathing also helps when working on slow movements like body rolls, flat back, pelvic rolls amongst many others. I think controlling my breath has helped me a lot when dancing since the beginning of this class. I 2 have learned when to take longer and slower breaths in order to assist my body control when doing certain things. Hence, I know breathing correctly when dancing, has a difference over a period of time because correct breathing enables you to strengthen your body internally. It also seems like breathing and your type of movement work hand in hand together to get the best results possible. Personally, I think emphasizing the importance of body alignment is very necessary. Proper body alignment enables you to have a sense of understanding what your body is doing. A poor body alignment defeats the whole purpose of doing a certain movement. For example, when doing plie and releve where you lengthen your spine and work on your posture and balance, you defeat the purpose if your feet are not well placed and your buttocks are not tucked under and as a result, the benefits of this rhythmic exercise will not be maximized. Also, body alignment relates with balance and when the body alignment is correct, balancing your body weight becomes easier. I know this because initially, I thought it was all about just trying to move your body by doing what the rest of the class does because you cannot go wrong when following the majority. I later found out that I was absolutely wrong because when you become aware of your own body internally and you focus on getting your body alignment right, it definitely reflects on the outside. This means that if you just dance without understanding the dance process involved in whatever move you are trying to do, your body movement would be as disorganized as your thought process. Also when doing fall and recovery, I loved it the most because I thought it was so easy. I did not see the point of it, but then I realized I was defeating the whole purpose because of my poor body alignment. Fall and recovery involves stretching and reaching with your hands when you bend over to flat-back and initially I just placed my hand where I felt comfortable without reaching and actually stretching my muscles. My head alignment was also 3 wrong and therefore, my spinal actions were not as good as they could have been. At this point, I was probably doing more damage that good to myself by not aligning my body correctly. Also correct body alignment removes the possibility of suffering any sort of injury or irrelevant body pain caused by the strain that could possibly occur in tedious exercises. Every dance move is like a piece of the puzzle that all come together to create a better dancer as progression occurs. This makes body control also very key in dance. You need proper control in order to make sure that you are conditioning and training your body when dancing. Body control involves focusing on the action that is taking place and being in charge of it. A good example of where control is absolutely needed is when doing Up and Over otherwise known as Pelvic Rolls. Pelvic Rolls are a combination of flat-back, fall and recovery, and the pelvic placement exercise. In Pelvic Rolls, the abdominal plays a major role and the spine has to be in proper alignment like in the flat-back position. It takes good control to start from going into a flat-back holding it there, then holding your body in plie, tucking you butt in, pointing your knees to the ground after and then circling your arms up to raise your body before you go into releve and then slowly bring your heels down to maintain flat feet. It takes a lot of energy and most importantly body control. Your mind has to focus on every single move you make in order to make sure you are connecting with your body both internally and externally. With proper body control, you strengthen your body and prevent injury from occurring.

Dietary Reference Values DRVs Essay

Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) Introduction            A balanced diet is very important for one’s body, and is defined as that diet which provides adequate amounts of nutrients and energy for health and well-being. Dietary reference Values are set of nutrient recommendations that are comprised of estimates of the amount of nutrients and energy needed by the population of healthy people in the United Kingdom. There are several uses of these estimates. However, Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) shows some limitations.            The main purpose of DRVs is to guide people other than offering recommendations. For any nation to have healthy people, it should make sure that they are well versed with what they should include in their diets. With DRVs, different groups of people can know what they need to include in their diets. This is a very important factor in the health sector. It reduces medical bills since it ensures that the whole population in healthy and free from diseases. Chronic diseases such as cancer and blood pressure can be avoided if one eats healthy. This means that if middle-aged people follow DRVs, infections of such diseases will go down.            The second use of DRVs is to determine optical amount of nutrients needed in the body. According to a study done by (Ross et. al 2011, pp.55) nutritional requirements vary with age, gender, and physical characteristics of the body. The study points the importance of understanding one’s nutritional requirement. DRVs help people know the optimal amount of nutrients based on their age, gender and body characteristics. For example, DRVs point out that women of child bearing age require more iron than men. If such studies were not available, it would be very hard for one to determine the amount of nutrients required by his/her body. Read more:  Essay About Nutritional Requirements of Individuals            DRVs help people understand particular functions of nutrients in their bodies. This eliminates diseases such as obesity, which is brought about by too much consumption of fats. When people are well informed about the role of nutrients in their bodies, they will always make informed decisions when preparing their meals. Some nutrients are needed in larger quantities while others are needed in small quantities. DRVs state the quantities in grams, milligrams or micrograms. DRVs show that vitamin C is needed in milligram quantities while proteins are needed in gram quantities. This knowledge helps nutritionists to know what a person lacks before administering their prescriptions (Hoey et.al. 2013, pp.105).            DRVs have certain limitations. First, they are complex and can only be interpreted by a health professional. This means that when a lay person is left on his or her own, he/she can take undesirable amounts of nutrients due to misinterpretation of the diet tables, and this is likely to affect that person negatively. It can lead to diseases such as obesity or malnutrition. The other problem associated with DRVs is that some people may view them as recommendations, but in actual sense they are not. DRVs should only be used as guidelines and requires interpretation by professionals. Thus, they function like dietary advice. Population Reference Intake may yield undesirable advice to the population because people are not identical. Thus, having a fixed value for the whole population may mislead some people. People are affected differently by different factors of the environment. When coming up with population reference Intake, individual factors ought to be taken into co nsideration (Manson, 2011, pp.525). References Hoey, L., McNulty, H., Duffy, M. E., Hughes, C. F., & Strain, J. J. (2013), ‘EURRECA—Estimating folate requirements for deriving dietary reference values’, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, vol.53, no.10, pp.104-105. Manson, J. E., (2011), ‘The 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D: what dietetics practitioners need to know,’ Journal of the American Dietetic Association, vol.111, no.4, pp. 524-527. Ross, A. C., Manson, J. E., Abrams, S. A., Aloia, J. F., Brannon, P. M., Clinton, S. K., †¦ & Shapses, S. A. (2011), ‘The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know’, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.96. , no.1, pp.53-58. Source document

An explanation of various marketing terms

An explanation of various marketing terms is the use of consumer-direct channels to reach and deliver goods and services to customers without using marketing middlemen.†Direct Marketing† is the use of consumer-direct channels to reach and deliver goods and services to customers without using marketing middlemen. Direct marketing implies marketing to the consumers directly without secondary media such as TV commercials. Direct Marketing includes the distribution of fliers, displaying signs such as â€Å"weekly specials† inside the store. It is used to target customers who cannot resist a good deal or bargain. Some Direct marketers use their customer database to contact them for special offers. They tailor their marketing offers and communications to the needs of individual buyers. Direct Marketing is generally used by small to medium size companies that do not have the budget for expensive commercial. There are many forms of direct marketing. The major types are as follows: Direct mail – the adverti ser contact prospective customers by sending some form of advertisement through the mail. Music and book clubs, magazine clearing house, and credit card companies make use of direct mail. Catalogue marketing – companies mail catalogues to consumers and to businesses or make them available at retail stores, and consumers make their purchase from the catalogues. For example, Sears and Canadian Tire’s catalogue shopping. Catalogue retailers appear well suited to operating on the internet as they has the systems and distribution experience required for such an undertaking. Telemarketing – using the telephone and call centers to sell directly to prospects and existing consumers. Companies use call centers for Inbound (receiving calls from customers) and outbound (initiating calls to prospects and customers) telemarketing. Direct marketing has been a major growth area in retailing. Its advantages related particularly to its ability to direct the marketing effort to th ose consumers who are most likely to respond positively. It also offers products and services in a way that is most convenient for the consumer. 2. _____ consist(s) of a collection of incentive tools, mostly short term, designed to stimulate quicker or greater purchase of particular products or services by consumers or the trade. â€Å"Sales promotions† consist of a collection of incentive tools, mostly short term, designed to stimulate quicker or greater purchase of particular products or services by consumers or the trade. Sales promotion as tools and techniques used to stimulate demand, encourage purchase or sales of a product or services, reward royal customers and attract switchers from competitors,. Advertising provides information on a product or promote a brand. Sale promotion offers reasons to buy now. Here are a few examples of sales promotions: Coupons delivered in the newspaper offering discount on your favourite coffee. An e-mail from Amazon.ca offers free shippi ng on your next purchase over $35. Sales promotion uses different mix of promotional tools designed to stimulate customers to buy a product. There are two categories of sales promotion tools: The consumer promotions tools – aimed at consumers directly such as; price discount or same price for the twice the amount of the product, discount coupons, cash refund from the manufacturer, patronage rewards such as doubling the amount of air miles, sweepstakes such as possible chance to win a trip to Disneyland and free gift, getting something from the purchase.

The Demand for Money Like Inflation Leading Essay

The Demand for Money Like Inflation Leading - Essay Example I keep my savings in JP Morgan Chase & Co. I find the bank extremely reliable and the staff very amicable and helpful. Depositing money and withdrawal of money can be done conveniently since the staff is always eager to provide their services. Moreover, I stay in New York where the bank has its headquarters. I also have equity shares and for trading purpose, I use the brokerage firm ‘Fidelity Investments’. I have chosen this firm after strong recommendations from several of my friends and colleagues. The firm is completely reliable for making equity trades. They charge reasonable commissions and fees which suit my need. This brokerage firm which is based in the city of Boston ranks in the â€Å"top five in nine out of 12 categories including equity trading tools, research tools and customer service†. The customer service is extremely good, and its research tools help me to make comparisons of four stocks at a time using up to 147 different traits. Since I am an on line customer, I get facilities like a quarter of my mutual funds and 6 per cent of my equity trade is free of commission. I use Allied Insurance for my personal insurance. I find the premium easily affordable. I have insured my car with the American Automobile Association for its lucrative premium. I have a low velocity of circulation which means I have more money than I normally spend. This is because I have the habit of keeping aside some portion of my salary as precautions like sudden emergencies. Since such events do not happen in most months, therefore I can keep my velocity of circulation low.

Critical Review C Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Review C - Essay Example would have agreed that Johnson controlled the environment efficiently through his description of what makes a house a house and avoiding too much control of the outside environment, as he discussed in the article, â€Å"The Jacobs House.† Banham is right to argue that the glass house is not a controlled environment, but an un-house, but Wright would have stressed that Johnson controlled the environment to some extent when he made a house that serves as a house without rejecting the outside environment’s presence altogether. The glass house is an un-house because it has two basic elements, â€Å"a heated brick floor slab and standing unit which is a chimney/fireplace on one side and a bathroom on the other† (Banham 79). The house becomes a â€Å"service core set† (Banham 79). Banham means to say that this an un-house because it defies the traditional need for a visual enclosure and other gadgetries. The emphasis is not on control, but on living outside the European model of a monumental structure (Banham 79). Wright would note, nevertheless, that Johnson did control the house in terms of functionality and did not control it through its openness. The glass house is simple and cost-efficient in its design and remarkable for its openness. Wright would appreciate that nonexistence of windows, and that the glass walls are the windows. Wright says that: â€Å"The way windows are used is naturally the most useful resource to achieve the new characteristic sense of space† (262). Indeed, the glass house looks out to the space, which Banham calls the â€Å"Great Out There† (79). The effect is the absence of division between the inside and the outside. The un-houseness of the glass house removes many obstacles that separate it from its natural environment. The irony of the controlled environment is having less control of the visible space through the nearly seamless interaction between the outside space and the inside space. A house should serve its main purpose of sheltering

Teachers should not get tenure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Teachers should not get tenure - Essay Example In New York, only ninety out of 70,000 teachers lost their jobs between 2007 and 2010 for poor performance. Such statistics are attributable to tenure. Therefore, tenure and performance generate a cause-and-effect relationship towards the performance of students. In addition, the process for awarding tenure is not as thorough as it used to be. Nowadays, tenure is granted depending on the time that a teacher has been in service. This means that all teachers will be awarded tenure after serving for a particular period. For example, in the United States, most states require a minimum of three years before a teacher qualifies for tenure. This means that all K-12 teachers receive tenure regardless of whether they have qualified or not. Teachers should not get tenure to ensure that job performance is not compromised for â€Å"job for life.† It will be easier to relieve ineffective teachers their duties if tenure is not awarded. The education sector will improve in the long-run if te achers are not granted

The Violence currently facing Colombia's dispossessed Essay

The Violence currently facing Colombia's dispossessed - Essay Example Thousands of people have lost their lives and millions are being put out of place. Large number of ingenious people, Afro-Columbians and farmers were forced to leave their relatives and native lands because of violence. Growing conflicts and calamities among the armed forces and guerrilla groups changed the land into dispossessed status and it indicates that the country could soon experience a revolution such as one impacting Mexico during 1910s. Studies and researches have recognized that the underlying cause of this crisis is related with U.S policies which promote the killing of millions of common people in Columbia. News reports about the dispossessed reveals the story that thousands of Columbians were relocated by years of war and state-backed terrorism. Analyzing the history, one can see that existing policies of the United States paved the way for a revolution. Therefore, one feel comfort to agree the statement that â€Å"The violence currently facing Colombia’s  "dispossessed† is indicative that the country could soon experience a revolution such as the one impacting Mexico during the 1910s†.The root cause of the crisis in Columbia lie its weak state, a divided ruling class, and two party political system which strictly prevented any kind of participation or voice from the common people. Periodic party competition between the Liberals and Conservatives led the country to armed conflicts. Things became worst, when the Liberal government passed measures for protecting social security and workers’ right of the same kind to Roosevelt’s New Deal. The emerging of Second World War collapsed reforms activities and President Alfonzo Lopez Pumarejo forced to face strong opposition from inside and the outside of his party. The assassination of Jorge Eliecr Gaitan, the leader of rebels paved the way for unending violence and conflicts. In 1986 election, fighting armed forces and guerillas faced general election as the result o f Government’s invitation. But after the election government and the armed Right go back on their promises. The election procedures false down and more than 3000 people were murdered. All armed forces came back to their own previous status, especially the guerillas returned to the hills and took arms. Existing armed conflicts and outrage violence in Columbia, indicates the emergence of a revolution. The book entitled, The dispossessed: chronicles of the Desterrados of Colombia by Alfredo Molano describes the conflicts took place in Columbia .Author clearly mentions about the U.S policies and its political supports towards the Columbian government indirectly acts as a catalyst in the process of spreading violence. From the very beginning, Alfredo Molano reveals the cause and effects of current war between military force and the guerillas. Author explores the real cause of conflict by saying; â€Å"Neoliberal policies forcing competition between small Columbian farmers and int ernational agribusiness drove more than five million farmers off their lands in the 1990s† (Molano, 2005, p.21). The arriving of the drug cartels and the paramilitaries in to the warfront changed the nation in to a land of political anarchism. Conflicts between the international agribusiness groups and small Columbian farmers promoted economic stagnation and food problem all over the country. As a result of political, ideological, and military polarizations guerilla

The USA Patriot Act as a Threat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The USA Patriot Act as a Threat - Essay Example The United States of America Patriot Act was born right after the September 11, 2001 attacks of the terrorist that made a great impact on the government of the United States of America and the whole world. The USA Patriot Act serves as an anti-terrorism act. The Patriot Act was making possible for the America to be united and to strengthen the nation by providing the necessary tools that are needed to interrupt and block the terrorist act. The interruption and obstruction of these possible terrorists' acts are made through the expansion of the law enforcer's surveillance and giving them additional powers and rights to investigate that brought threat to the privacy and democratic tradition in the history of the United States. President Bush had officially signed the USA Patriot Act on the 26th day of October 2000.The Patriot Act gave threat to the millions of US citizens. This is due to the power given to the law enforcers and giving them the right to enter records of the normal inhab itants of the country. The act supports the rights to access the medical records, tax records, and other basic information such as the books you buy, the books you borrowed even without a cause. The Patriot Act also provides the law enforcers the rights to enter your house without the permission coming from you, and make researches without telling the owner for several weeks, months or even not telling you at all.There are several modifications on the act. Some of these are the surveillance laws, the tracking of suspected terrorist, and the capture of those suspected. The modifications includes the dual purpose of the act to give the authorities the rights to intervene in the personal, private and confidential telephone calls, face-to-face communication and communications through the use of computer and together with these is the right for those who are the authorities to the identification and the interception of those suspected as criminal communications. The modifications on the act regarding the telephone calls, whether it maybe a highly personal calls, that really are of the person's privacy context are included, are not hidden for the authorities through checking on the telephone company records of the calls made from an individuals home of to the individual's telephone. Wiretapping as it was called or electronic eavesdropping or the electronic surveillance can be done by the authorities without prior notice. Also, the bank records of an individual, and the deals made are also tracked. Procedures The procedures that are under the modification of the act are the following: the authorities are permitted to pen register and trace and trap orders that are made through the use of electronic communications such as deals done through the electronic-mail or the like the nationwide implementation for pen registers, trap and trace devices, and the access to the communication records and stored electronic mails are authorized the stored voice mail and telephone conversations stored can be treated by the authorities the interception of communications from an intruder or to the intruder inside the computer system by authorities are permitted but with the system's owner's permission the authorities are given the authority to put the terrorist and computer crimes to the offense list protection for the authorities are supported by the Patriot Act the Patriot Act of the USA aims for the foreign intelligence investigators' and the law enforcement's cooperation those who are on the authority and the government personnel, under the Patriot Act are protected for some of the communications privacy violation Protective Measures of the Patriot Act The USA Patriot Act had designed protective measures for the authorities. The protective measures focused on the prevention of the abuse of the given rights